...This agreement was signed on March 8, 1954, between Foreign Minister Katsuo Okazaki and US Ambassador to Japan J.M. Allison. It consists of four documents: the Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement, the Agricultural Products Purchase Agreement, the Economic Measures Agreement, and the Investment Security Agreement. The purpose of the agreement was for the US to provide assistance to Japan in order to strengthen its military power, and the basis for this was the Mutual Security Act (MSA), which was enacted in October 1951. The MSA consolidated the economic and military assistance that had been provided by various legislations, and obligated recipient countries of US assistance to make efforts to defend themselves and the free world. It was the basis of the US's global strategy in the 1950s (see the entry on Military Assistance). From [Military Aid]...The Truman Doctrine, announced on March 12, 1947, and the Marshall Plan, announced on June 5, 1947, marked the beginning of American military aid until the mid-1950s. (1) The majority of recipient countries were closely tied to the United States militarily through bilateral or multilateral alliance treaties, and (2) most of the aid was provided free of charge. The Mutual Security Act (MSA), enacted in 1951, consolidated the economic and military aid that had been provided by various legislations up until that point, and obligated recipient countries to make efforts to defend themselves and the free world. However, in 1955, the Soviet Union supplied weapons to Egypt through Czechoslovakia, marking the first time that the United States provided military aid to a non-communist country, and the United States also began to actively provide military aid to third world countries other than its allies. ... *Some explanations of terms that refer to the Mutual Security Act are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…1954年3月8日,岡崎勝男外務大臣とアリソンJ.M.Allison駐日アメリカ大使との間で調印された協定で,〈相互防衛援助協定〉〈農産物購入協定〉〈経済措置協定〉〈投資保障協定〉の四つからなる。日本の軍事力増強を図るためにアメリカが援助を与えることを主旨とし,その根拠がアメリカで1951年10月に成立した相互安全保障法Mutual Security Act(略称MSA)に求められたのでこの名がある。MSAは,従来さまざまな立法によって行われていた経済・軍事援助を一本化し,アメリカの援助受入国に対して自国および自由世界の防衛のための努力を義務づけた法律であり,1950年代のアメリカの世界戦略を担っていた(〈軍事援助〉の項目を参照)。… 【軍事援助】より…1947年3月12日に発表されたトルーマン・ドクトリン,同年6月5日に発表されたマーシャル・プランがその出発点であったが,50年代半ばまでのアメリカの軍事援助は,(1)援助受入国の大多数が2国間あるいは多数国間の同盟条約によりアメリカと軍事的に密接に結びつけられていたこと,(2)援助の大半が無償で行われたこと,という特徴を有していた。51年に制定された相互安全保障法Mutual Security Act(略称MSA)は,それまでさまざまな立法によって行われていた経済・軍事援助を一本化したものだが,同法はアメリカの援助受入国に対し,自国および自由世界の防衛のための努力を義務づけた。しかし55年にソ連がチェコスロバキアを通じエジプトに武器を供給し,非共産主義国への軍事援助に初めて踏み切ったことから,アメリカもまた同盟国以外の第三世界諸国に積極的に軍事援助を供与するようになった。… ※「Mutual Security Act」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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