hoppo

…In 1685 (the 24th year of the Kangxi era), the maritime embargo was lifted and the government was established to supervise Chinese coastal trade and foreign tribute trade, and to collect sea customs duties. The post of superintendent of sea customs, called hoppo by foreigners, was appointed by a Manchu, and was a position with many perks. Later, customs duties were collected by chartered traders called kongxing, and from 1720 foreign trade was restricted to the port of Guangzhou, marking the beginning of the so-called Canton trade. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "hoppo" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…1685年(康熙24)，海禁の解除により設置され，中国人の沿海貿易と外国人の朝貢貿易を管轄し，海関税を徴収した。外国人からホッポーhoppoとよばれる長官の海関監督は，満人が任命され，役得の多い職であった。その後関税徴収は公行とよばれる特許貿易商が代行し，1720年から外国貿易は広州1港に制限されて，いわゆる広東Canton貿易がはじまる。…

※「hoppo」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報