Behaim - Martin Behaim

German navigator, geographer, and merchant. Born in Nuremberg as the son of a wool merchant. He went to Flanders to learn commerce, where he acquired knowledge of astronomy. During this time, he visited Lisbon many times and made navigational instruments. He was recognized by King John II of Portugal and was included in the national council for the discovery of new sea routes. In 1484 and 1485, he participated in the second expedition to the west coast of Africa led by Cao Diogo Cão (date of birth and death unknown). He reached Cabo Negro and Cabo Ledo, near the 15th parallel south, and was awarded the Order of Christ on his return voyage. In 1486, he married Hannah and lived in the Azores. During his return to Nuremberg from 1491 to 1493, he created the oldest surviving terrestrial globe. Although the map on this globe was inaccurate, it provided an important stimulus to the creation of maps and nautical charts during the Age of Discovery. He then returned to Lisbon, where he died.

[Minoru Morota]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ドイツの航海者、地理学者、商人。毛織物商の子としてニュルンベルクに生まれる。商業習得のためフランドルへ赴き、そこで天文学の知識を得た。この間リスボンを何度も訪れて航海用器具を製作し、ポルトガル王ジョアン2世に認められて新航路発見の国政会議に加えられ、1484、1485年カウンDiogo Cão（生没年不詳）の第二次アフリカ西海岸探検に参加した。南緯15度付近のカボ・ネグロ、カボ・レドに達して帰航、キリスト勲章を授与された。1486年ハンナと結婚してアゾレス諸島に居住。1491～1493年ニュルンベルクに帰った際に、現存する最古の地球儀をつくった。この地球儀の地図は不精確であるが、大航海時代の地図や海図の作成に重要な刺激を与えた。その後リスボンに戻り、同地で死去した。

［諸田　實］

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