Weapons industry

Japanese: 兵器工業 - へいきこうぎょう

This is an industry that researches, develops, produces, and repairs weapons used in direct combat, such as firearms, ammunition, tanks, and military aircraft. Recently, it also includes the production of military electronic equipment such as radar and communication devices. In Japan, it is generally called the defense industry. Since the Meiji era, Japan's weapons industry has been a pioneer in the establishment of modern industry, with government-run industries at its core. Weapon production was banned after World War II, but with the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, the industry began to repair military aircraft for the U.S. military, and weapons production by private companies resumed. However, because weapons exports are prohibited, the industry is completely dependent on orders from the Defense Agency (since January 2007, the Ministry of Defense), and there are no companies that specialize in weapons. Instead, heavy machinery companies such as Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, NEC, and Mitsubishi Electric are jointly operated by electrical equipment companies, and the industry is not internationally competitive. In the United States, Remington and Smith & Wesson were established as weapons companies following the Civil War that began in 1861, and in Europe, companies such as Krupp made fortunes due to the various wars in the 1860s and 1870s. During World War I and World War II, various new technologies were developed for the production of new weapons, and these had a major impact on general industry after the war.
→ Related topics Military-industrial complex | Defense industry | Aerospace industry

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

軍需品のうち火器や弾薬，戦車，軍用航空機など直接戦闘に使用する兵器の研究開発，生産，修理にあたる工業。最近ではレーダーや通信装置など軍事用電子機器の生産も含まれる。日本では一般に防衛産業と呼ばれる。日本の兵器工業は，明治以後，官営を中核とし近代工業確立の先駆となってきた。第２次大戦後は兵器生産が禁じられたが，1950年の朝鮮戦争の勃発とともに米軍の軍用機の修理などを請け負い，その後民間企業による兵器生産が再び行われるようになった。しかし，兵器輸出が禁止されているため防衛庁（2007年１月から防衛省）発注に全面的に依存しており，兵器専門の企業はなく，三菱重工業，日本電気，三菱電機など重機械企業や電気企業による兼営で，国際的競争力はない。米国では1861年にはじまった南北戦争をきっかけにレミントン社，スミス・アンド・ウェッソン社が兵器会社として確立し，ヨーロッパでも1860年代―1870年代のさまざまな戦争のためにクルップ社などが財をなした。第１次大戦，第２次大戦のなかで，新兵器生産のためにさまざまな新技術が開発され，それらは戦後の一般産業に大きな影響を及ぼした。
→関連項目軍産複合体｜軍需産業｜航空宇宙工業

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