…If this substance enters the fetus through the placenta during the next pregnancy, it can destroy the child's red blood cells, resulting in severe jaundice (erythroblastosis fetalis). It has been discovered that the surfaces of white blood cells and kidney cells also have agglutinogens different from those found in red blood cells, and these are called histocompatibility antigens or human leukocyte antigens (HLA antigens, short for human leukocyte antigens). When transplanting skin or kidneys, it is desirable for these to match; if the degree of incompatibility is severe, a rejection reaction will occur and the transplant will no longer function. … From [Histocompatibility antigens]…Many histocompatibility antigens have been found, but the ones that cause the strongest rejection reactions are called major histocompatibility antigens, and their presence has been confirmed in many higher animals. Representative examples are human HLA antigens (discovered as human leukocyte antigens in 1958) and mouse H-2 antigens. The higher the match rate of major histocompatibility antigens in bone marrow or kidney transplants, the higher the survival rate of the transplanted organ. … *Some of the terminology that refers to "HLA antigens" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…この物質が次の妊娠のおりに胎盤を通して胎児に入ると,子どもの赤血球が破壊され,その結果重症の黄疸をきたすことがある(胎児赤芽球症)。白血球や腎臓などの細胞の表面にも赤血球とは異なる凝集原があることが明らかにされ,これを組織適合抗原,またはヒト白血球抗原(HLA抗原(human leukocyte antigenの略)とよばれる)という。皮膚や腎臓の移植のときはこれが一致していることが望まれ,不適合の程度が強いと,拒絶反応が生じて機能をはたさなくなる。… 【組織適合抗原】より…多くの組織適合抗原が見いだされているが,最も強い拒絶反応をもたらすものを主要組織適合抗原といい,高等動物で広くその存在が確認されている。ヒトのHLA抗原(1958年にヒト白血球抗原として発見された)およびマウスのH‐2抗原がその代表的なものである。骨髄あるいは腎臓などの移植に際して主要組織適合抗原の一致率が高いほど,移植臓器の生着率は高くなる。… ※「HLA 抗原」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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