law of effect

...As a result, unsatisfactory responses are less likely to occur, and the responses that led to chance success are more likely to occur in the next trial. He explained this phenomenon with the "law of effect" (the theory that learning is achieved when effective responses reject other responses), and called this process trial and error. In contrast, there are positions such as those of the Gestalt school of psychology and EC Tolman, which emphasize "insight (foresight)," "aha-ha experiences," and "latent learning" as the essence of learning. ...

*Some explanations of terms that refer to "law of effect" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…その結果，不満足な反応は起こりにくくなり，偶然の成功に導いた反応が次の試行におこりやすくなる。この現象を彼は〈効果の法則law of effect〉(有効な反応が他の反応を退けて学習が成立するとする説)で説明し，この過程を試行錯誤と呼んだ。これに対して〈洞察(見通し)〉〈あっそうか体験〉〈潜在学習〉などを学習の本質として強調するゲシュタルト心理学派やE.C.トールマンなどの立場もある。…

※「law of effect」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報