An Act implementing the decisions of the Imperial Conferences of 1926 and 1930. Also known as the Statute of Westminster, this Act (1931) changed the constitutional status of the white British colonies of the British Empire, which had had representative government since the 19th century and which had been called the Dominions since 1907. The Act gave the Dominions complete and independent legislative powers and allowed them to no longer be governed by the laws of the British Empire. It also allowed the former Dominions, as individual member states of the Commonwealth, to adopt their own foreign policies, to form their own diplomatic corps (except for Newfoundland), and to join the League of Nations as independent states. The Act also emphasized the common loyalty of the Dominions to the British Crown. It also established the principle that no changes in laws affecting the British Crown or his succession could be made without the consent of the Dominions. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1926年および 30年のイギリス帝国会議で行われた諸決定を実施する法律。別名ウェストミンスター法律として知られるこの法律 (1931) は,19世紀から代議制をもち,1907年以来自治領といわれてきた白人支配のイギリス帝国植民地の立憲上の地位を変えたものである。この法律により,自治領は立法権を独立かつ完全に与えられ,以後,自治領に本国法がそのまま適用されることはなくなった。また旧自治領は,イギリス連邦内の個々の構成国家として,独自の外交政策を採用すること,また独自の外交団を組織し (ニューファンドランドを除いて) ,国際連盟に独立国として加盟することが可能となった。他方,イギリス国王に対する自治領各国共通の忠誠が,法律のなかで強調された。さらにイギリス国王ならびにその継承に影響を及ぼす法の改正は,自治領の同意なくしては行われない原則が確立した。
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