Hyogo - Hyogo

The port area of ​​Hyogo Ward, located almost in the center of Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture. It is an old natural harbor surrounded by Cape Wadamisaki, and in the Nara and Heian periods it was known as Owada no Tomari, one of the five ports of Setsubun. The area around the foot of Ege Sanroku to the north of the port was the Fukuhara Manor of the Taira clan, and Taira Kiyomori, who had a side business in this area, placed great importance on the port, and built Kyogashima Island to make it a key port where Song ships could enter and leave. It was also because Kiyomori had an eye on the port that the capital was temporarily located in Fukuhara. In the early Muromachi period, the settlements around the gunya of Yatabe County extended south, and when they were connected to the port, the town of Hyogo was formed. In the Middle Ages, it was called Hyogo Tsu, and was an important port in the Kinai region. Hama Honjin was located here, and the Saigoku Kaido road also took a detour and passed through here. During the Edo period, it was the center of westward shipping as the outer port of Osaka, and a town with a population of about 20,000 was formed. In 1858 (Ansei 5), it was decided to open the port of Hyogo, but a new port was established at Kobeura at the edge of the Ikuta River (opened in 1867), and since then, the port lost its prosperity and became a port mainly for domestic trade. Meanwhile, large factories such as Kanebo (later Kanebo), Mitsubishi Shipbuilding (now Mitsubishi Heavy Industries), Kawasaki Sharyo (now Kawasaki Heavy Industries), Mitsubishi Electric, and Kawasaki Shipbuilding (now Kawasaki Heavy Industries) have moved into the alluvial plain behind the port since the Meiji period. It is now the industrial center of Kobe City. The JR Sanyo Main Line runs through the area, and the Wadamisaki Line branches off from Hyogo Station. In addition, the city's subway Kaigan Line and National Route 2 run through the area.

[Hiroko Fujioka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

兵庫県神戸市のほぼ中央にある兵庫区の港湾部。和田岬に抱かれた古くからの天然の良港で、奈良、平安時代は摂播五泊の一つ大輪田泊(おおわだのとまり)として知られた。港の北方、会下山麓(えげさんろく)一帯は平氏の福原荘(ふくはらのしょう)で、この地に別業をもつ平清盛(きよもり)は港を重視し、経ヶ島を築造するなどして宋船(そうせん)も出入りできる要港にした。一時福原に都が置かれたのも、清盛が港に着目したためである。室町初期に八部(やたべ)郡の郡家周辺の集落が南に延び、港と結ばれて兵庫の町が形成された。中世には兵庫津とよばれ畿内(きない)の重要港であった。浜本陣が置かれ西国街道も迂回(うかい)してここを通過した。江戸時代は大坂の外港として西廻(にしまわり)海運の中心であり、人口約2万人の町が形成された。1858年（安政5）兵庫港の開港が決まったが、生田(いくた)川尻(じり)の神戸浦に新港が設置（1867年開港）され、以来、繁栄を奪われ、内国貿易中心の港となった。一方、港湾背後の沖積地には、明治以降、鐘紡(かねぼう)（のちカネボウ）、三菱(みつびし)造船（現、三菱重工業）、川崎車輛(しゃりょう)（現、川崎重工業）、三菱電機、川崎造船（現、川崎重工業）などの大工場が進出した。現在、神戸市の工業の中心地となっている。JR山陽本線が通じ、兵庫駅から和田岬線を分岐する。そのほか、市営地下鉄海岸線、国道2号などが通じている。

［藤岡ひろ子］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例