Hyogo Prefecture - Hyogo

Japanese: 兵庫[県] - ひょうご

The prefecture at the western end of the Kinki region. It includes Awaji Island and the Ieshima Islands in the Seto Inland Sea. The prefectural capital is Kobe City. Area: 8,400.96 ^km2 . Population: 5,588,133 (2010). [History] It is made up of the former three provinces of Harima, Tajima, and Awaji, and parts of the two provinces of Settsu and Tamba. The name Hyogo is said to come from the old name of the Hanshin region, "Muko," and is known to have been open since ancient times, according to the Kojiki and Harima no Kuni Fudoki. Kobe Port was formerly called Owada no Tomari, and was a strategic point in the west of Kinai, becoming a place of conflict during the Genpei and Nanboku-cho wars. During the Edo period, it was divided into 19 large and small feudal domains, including Himeji Domain, and Tenryo. In 1871, it became the four prefectures of Hyogo, Himeji, Toyooka, and Meito, and in 1876 it was unified into Hyogo Prefecture. [Nature] The prefecture faces the Sea of Japan to the north and the Seto Inland Sea to the south, and the Japan Standard Time Meridian (135° east longitude) passes through Akashi City. The Chugoku Mountains and the Tanba Highlands occupy the center, and the Maruyama River flows north to the Toyooka Basin, while the Kakogawa, Ichikawa, and Ibo Rivers flow south to the Harima Plain. To the east of the Rokko Mountains at the southern end of the Tanba Highlands lies the Muko Plain, which is the alluvial deposit of the Mukogawa and Inagawa Rivers. Awaji Island is surrounded by a faulted coastline formed by ridges. The climate is divided into San'yo and San'in types, with the Seto Inland Sea side of the San'yo type receiving little precipitation, and Awaji Island in particular being warm even in winter. The Sea of Japan side of the San'in side receives a lot of precipitation in winter and experiences long periods of snowfall. [Industry] The population composition by industry is 2.5% in the first generation, 27.1% in the second generation, and 68.2% in the third generation (2005). Due to the development of the Hanshin and Harima industrial zones, the prefecture has a strong industrial character. In agriculture, the cultivation of rice, vegetables, fruit trees, and flowers (persimmons) is thriving. Particularly well-known crops include onions from Awaji Island, early-flowering daffodils, summer mandarin oranges, the 20th century pear in the Tajima region, and strawberries around the Hanshin region. Dairy farming is also active, and although there is a shift from beef cattle to dairy cattle, the fattening of Tajima beef, which becomes Kobe beef, is famous. Forestry is thriving in the Tajima and Tamba regions. In the fishing industry, catches of Akashi sea bream, octopus, and Spanish mackerel in the Seto Inland Sea, and flounder, Matsuba crab, and cod in the Sea of Japan are generally small-scale. In mining, mines such as Ikuno, Akenobe, and Nakaze produced silver, copper, tin, zinc, and antimony, but these mines have since closed. Large-scale modern industries have developed in the Hanshin and Harima industrial zones. The industries of steel, machinery, electrical equipment, vehicles, textiles, beer, chemicals, rubber, and leather are particularly thriving. The construction of the Nishiharima Technopolis, which aims to develop cutting-edge technology industries, is expected to lead to the development of the inland area of Harima along the Chugoku Expressway. Kobe Port is an international trading port on a par with Yokohama Port. Traditional industries include sake (Nada), metalwork (Miki), soy sauce (Tatsuno), pottery (Tamba), and abacus (Ono). Mount Rokko and Awaji Island belong to the Setonaikai National Park, the Japan Coast belongs to the San'in Kaigan National Park, and the northwestern mountain range is part of the Hyonosen-Ushiroyama-Nagisan Quasi-National Park. There are many historical sites and tourist destinations, such as Suma, Himeji, Ako, Genbudo Cave, Takarazuka, Koshien, Kinosaki Onsen, and Arima Onsen. In 1993, Himeji Castle was registered on the World Heritage List of Cultural Heritage under the World Heritage Convention. [Transportation] The Tokaido and Sanyo main lines and the Shinkansen connect Kobe to the south, while the Sanin main line connects to the north, with the Bantan line, Kakogawa line, and Fukuchiyama line connecting these. Private railway lines such as Hankyu, Hanshin, Sanyo, and Kobe have developed with Kobe at their center, and the Kobe Rapid Railway, which allows these lines to share tracks, has also been completed. The Meishin Expressway, Chugoku Expressway, and Sanyo Expressway also pass through the area, and the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge between Honshu and Awaji was completed in 1998. Osaka International Airport is located in Itami, and Tajima Airport opened to the north in 1994, and Kobe Airport opened off the coast of Port Island in 2006. In January 1995, the Southern Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake (Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake) struck Kobe, Ashiya, Nishinomiya, and Kita Awajicho on Awaji Island (now Awaji City), causing extensive damage with 6,281 deaths, 34,900 injuries, and 236,004 houses destroyed or burned down.
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Japanese:

近畿地方西端の県。瀬戸内海上の淡路島，家島諸島なども含む。県庁所在地は神戸市。8400.96km²。558万8133人（2010）。〔沿革〕　かつての播磨(はりま)国，但馬(たじま)国，淡路国の３国と，摂津国・丹波国２国の一部にあたる。兵庫の名は阪神地方の古称〈武庫(むこ)〉に由来するといい，古事記，播磨国風土記等により古代から開けたことが知られている。神戸港は古く大輪田泊といい，畿内の西の要衝であったため，源平，南北朝などの争乱の地となった。江戸時代には姫路藩以下大小19藩，天領などに分かれていた。1871年兵庫，姫路，豊岡，名東４県となり，1876年兵庫県に統一。〔自然〕　北は日本海，南は瀬戸内海に面し，日本標準時子午線（東経135°）が明石市を通る。中国山地，丹波高地が中央を占め，円山(まるやま)川が北流して豊岡盆地を，加古川，市川，揖保(いぼ)川などが南流して播磨平野を展開する。丹波高地の南端六甲山地の東には武庫川，猪名川の沖積した武庫平野がある。淡路島は地塁で断層海岸をめぐらす。気候は山陽型と山陰型に分かれ，山陽型の瀬戸内海側は降水量が少なく，特に淡路島は冬も温暖。山陰側の日本海側は冬の降水が多く，長期の積雪をみる。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次2.5％，第２次27.1％，第３次68.2％（2005）。阪神工業地帯，播磨工業地帯の発展により，工業県の性格が強い。農業は米，野菜，果樹，花卉(かき)の栽培が盛ん。淡路島のタマネギ，早咲スイセン，ナツミカン，但馬地方の二十世紀ナシ，阪神周辺部のイチゴなどが特に知られる。酪農も活発で，肉牛から乳牛に転換しつつあるが，神戸肉となる但馬牛肥育は有名。林業は但馬，丹波地方で盛ん。水産業では瀬戸内海の明石ダイ，タコ，サワラ，日本海のカレイ，マツバガニ，タラなどの漁獲があるが，一般に零細。鉱業では生野，明延，中瀬(なかぜ)などの鉱山から銀，銅，スズ，亜鉛，アンチモンなどを産出したが，閉山。工業は阪神・播磨両工業地帯を中心に大規模な近代工業が発達。特に鉄鋼，機械，電機，車両，繊維，ビール，化学，ゴム，皮革工業が盛ん。先端技術産業をめざす西播磨テクノポリスの建設により中国自動車道沿いの播磨内陸部の開発が期待されている。神戸港は横浜港と並ぶ国際貿易港。伝統産業として酒（灘），金物（三木），醤油（龍野），陶器（丹波），そろばん（小野）などがある。六甲山，淡路島などは瀬戸内海国立公園，日本海岸は山陰海岸国立公園に属し，北西部の山地は氷ノ山後山那岐山国定公園の一部。須磨，姫路，赤穂，玄武洞，宝塚，甲子園，城崎(きのさき)温泉，有馬温泉などの史跡や観光地も多い。1993年姫路城が世界遺産条約の文化遺産リストに登録された。〔交通〕　南部には神戸を接続点として東海道・山陽両本線および新幹線，北部には山陰本線が通じ，これらを連絡して播但線，加古川線，福知山線が通じる。神戸を中心に阪急，阪神，山陽，神戸の各私鉄路線が発達し，これらが相互乗入れする神戸高速鉄道も完成。名神高速道路，中国自動車道，山陽自動車道も通じ，本州・淡路間の明石海峡大橋は1998年に完成。伊丹には大阪国際空港があり，1994年北部に但馬空港，2006年ポートアイランド沖に神戸空港が開港した。　1995年１月兵庫県南部地震（阪神・淡路大震災）が神戸市，芦屋市，西宮市，淡路島の北淡町（現・淡路市）などを襲い，死者6281人，負傷者３万4900人，倒壊・焼失家屋23万6004戸という大きな被害をうけた。
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