The long tendons that attach to the phalanges of the hands and feet have tunnel-shaped tendon sheaths that lubricate the tendons' movements. Inflammation of these tendon sheaths is called tenosynovitis. The most common type is de Quervain tenosynovitis, which occurs due to overuse of tendons. It is common in people who use their hands a lot, especially women, and often occurs in the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis on the thumb side of the wrist, causing pain when moving the thumb from the radial side of the wrist to the radial side of the forearm. There is also creaky tenosynovitis, which makes a noise when moving the thumb, and stenosed tenosynovitis, which makes it difficult to flex and straighten the thumb due to the thickening of the tendon sheath. If suppuration from a cold spreads to the tendon sheath, it becomes suppurative tenosynovitis. There is also tuberculous tenosynovitis, but it is now rare. Trigger finger can also occur due to chronic inflammation of the tendon sheath. Treatment involves limiting the use of the hand as much as possible, and local injections of adrenal cortical hormones are effective. Surgery is rarely required, but in cases of stenosis, the condition may not be cured unless a tendon sheath is opened. [Takashi Nagai] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
手足の指骨に付着する長い腱にはトンネル構造の腱鞘があって腱の動きを潤滑にしている。この腱鞘の炎症を腱鞘炎という。日常多くみられるのは腱の使いすぎによって発生するド・ケルバンde Quervain腱鞘炎である。手をよく使う人、とくに婦人に多くみられ、手関節の母指側で長母指外転筋、短母指伸筋に発生することが多く、手関節の橈骨(とうこつ)側から前腕の橈骨側に、母指の運動時に疼痛(とうつう)がおこる。また、母指の運動時に音がする軋音(あつおん)性腱鞘炎や、腱鞘の肥厚が強くなって母指の屈伸が困難になる狭窄(きょうさく)性腱鞘炎もある。ひょうそで化膿(かのう)が腱鞘まで広がると化膿性腱鞘炎となる。結核性腱鞘炎もあるが、現在はまれなものとなった。なお、ばね指も腱鞘の慢性炎症で発生することがある。 治療は、手をなるべく使わないようにすることが必要であり、副腎(ふくじん)皮質ホルモンの局所注射が奏効する。手術を要することは少ないが、狭窄性のものなどでは、腱鞘切開を行わなければ治らないことがある。 [永井 隆] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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