A general term for selling directly to consumers without setting up a store. It is also called non-store retailing or direct sales to consumers, and is the central method of direct marketing. Traditional methods include street sales, mail order sales, door-to-door sales (diplomatic sales), joint purchasing by consumer cooperatives (co-ops), and vending machines. Mail order sales are performed by receiving orders through a catalog and delivering the actual product by mail or courier. Door-to-door sales are performed by having a salesperson visit homes and workplaces to receive orders and deliver the product on the spot or at a later date. In addition, with the spread of information networks using information technology (IT), methods such as CD-ROM catalogs, sales by e-mail, and cyber shopping, where orders are received over the Internet and payments are made by cash on delivery or credit card, are rapidly spreading. Non-store transactions are convenient, but they are also prone to conflicts due to the fact that the parties do not meet face-to-face, and differences between the catalog (product catalog) and the actual product. The Specified Commercial Transactions Act (Act No. 57 of 1976) exists as a measure to deal with such problems, but it is not sufficient in the IT era. In addition, door-to-door sales and cooperative purchasing are both at a turning point due to the declining rate of married women working from home. [Mitsuo Morimoto] [Reference items] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
店舗を構えず、消費者に直接販売する方法の総称。無店舗小売、消費者直販ともいい、直接マーケティングの中心的手法である。在来型のものは、路上販売、通信販売、訪問販売(外交販売)、消費生活協同組合(生協)の共同購入、自動販売機などである。通信販売は、カタログにより注文を受け、郵便や宅配便で現品を配送する。訪問販売は、家庭や職域を販売員が巡回して注文をとり、その場または後日、商品を配送する。このほかに、情報技術(IT)を駆使した情報ネットワークの普及により、CD-ROMのカタログ、電子メールによる販売に、インターネット上で受注、代金引換、クレジットカード等で決済するサイバー・ショッピングcyber shopping等の方法が急速に広まっている。無店舗取引には、便利さとともに当事者の非対面性、カタログ(商品目録)と現品の相違等に起因する紛争が絶えない。こうしたトラブル対策として、特定商取引法(昭和51年法律第57号)があるが、IT時代には十分とはいえない。また訪問販売や生協共同購入は、いずれも既婚女性の在宅率低下により転換期に差しかかっている。 [森本三男] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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