Council of Basel

Japanese: バーゼル公会議 - バーゼルこうかいぎ（英語表記）Council of Basel

A synod convened by Pope Martin V just before his death in 1431 and held in Basel, Switzerland. Many of the members were non-bishops and were at odds with the Papacy. The Hussites, condemned at the Council of Constance, became a Czech nationalist movement, and the Pope launched a crusade against them, but was defeated. The Council, ignoring the Pope's wishes, concluded the Prague Agreement with the Hussites in 1433. However, as soon as the peace treaty was broken, his successor Pope Eugene IV, who had already ordered the dissolution of the Council in 1431, ordered the venue to be moved to Ferrara in Italy, but the Council refused, citing the primacy of the Council as voted for by the Council of Constance, and the Pope also conceded and revoked the dissolution order in 1433. The Council then voted to subordinate the papacy to the power of the Council, adding insult to injury. By chance, a joint council with the Orthodox Church arose, and the Orthodox Church negotiated directly with the Pope rather than through the Council, so the Pope gained power and moved the council to Ferrara in 38. The majority of the council members complied, but the remaining members resisted, and in 39 they supported antipope Felix V and continued the council. However, it became a place where secular power was used, and it ceased to exist when Felix abdicated in 49.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1431年教皇マルチヌス5世が死の直前に招集，スイスのバーゼルで開かれた教会会議。司教以外の議員が多く，教皇庁と対立的であった。先のコンスタンス会議で断罪されたフス派はチェコ民族主義運動となり，教皇はこれに対して十字軍を発したが敗北したので，公会議は教皇の意向を無視して 33年フス派とプラハ協定を結んだ。しかし講和が破られるや，すでに 31年に公会議の解散を命じていた後任教皇エウゲニウス4世は会場をイタリアのフェララへ移すように命じたが，会議はコンスタンス会議の採決した公会議首位説を楯にこれを拒否し，教皇も譲歩し，33年解散令をも撤回した。さらに公会議は教皇権は公会議権に従属すると議決し追打ちをかけた。たまたま正教会との合同の議が起り，同教会が公会議よりも教皇と直接に交渉したので，力を得た教皇は 38年公会議場をフェララに移した。大多数は従ったが残りの議員は抵抗し，39年対立教皇フェリクス5世を擁立して会議を続けた。しかし俗権の利用するところとなり，49年フェリクスの退位によって消滅した。

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