Hatta, Mohammad

Japanese: ハッタ（英語表記）Hatta， Mohammad

Born: August 12, 1902, Bukittinggi, Sumatra
[Died] March 14, 1980. Jakarta Indonesian politician and economist. During his studies in the Netherlands from 1922 to 1932, he was active as the chairman of the Indonesian Association, a progressive political organization for students studying abroad. After returning to Indonesia, he led a non-cooperation movement against the Netherlands, and was arrested and exiled to West Irian in 1934. He was released by the Japanese army in 1942, cooperated with the Japanese military government, and led the independence movement as the leader of the Putra Movement (the People's Total Power Movement). He signed the Declaration of Independence on August 17, 1945, together with Sukarno, and became vice president. He was prime minister and defense minister from 1948 to 1949, and chief representative at the Hague Round Table Conference in 1949. After the sovereignty of the Republic was restored, he again served as vice president and as prime minister and foreign minister from 1949 to 1950, becoming one of the highest leaders. However, he disagreed with Sukarno's proposal of "guided democracy" (→guided democracy), and resigned as vice president in 1956. In 1960, he wrote the "Declaration of Democracy" criticizing Sukarno. After the September 30th incident, he supported the new regime. However, in September 1976, he apologized to President Suharto for signing an anti-government document. He is the author of "The Co-operative Movement in Indonesia" (1957).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1902.8.12. スマトラ，ブキチンギ
[没]1980.3.14. ジャカルタ
インドネシアの政治家，経済学者。 1922～32年オランダ留学中に，留学生の進歩的政治組織インドネシア協会の会長として活躍した。帰国後対オランダ非協力運動を展開，逮捕され，34年西イリアンに流刑。 42年日本軍に釈放され，日本軍政に協力，プートラ運動 (民衆総力結集運動) の指導者として独立運動を展開した。 45年8月 17日の独立宣言にはスカルノとともに署名し，副大統領に就任。 48～49年首相兼国防相，49年のハーグ円卓会議に首席代表となり，共和国の主権回復とともに再び副大統領として，また 49～50年首相兼外相として最高指導者の一人となった。しかし，スカルノの「指導される民主主義」 (→指導制民主主義 ) の提唱とは対立し，56年副大統領を辞任，60年『民主主義宣言』を書いて，スカルノを批判。九・三〇事件以後は新体制を支援。しかし，76年9月反政府文書署名事件で，スハルト大統領に謝罪を表明した。著書に"The Co-operative Movement in Indonesia" (1957) がある。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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