A cyanide of potassium. It is commonly known as potassium cyanide or potassium cyanide. It was first synthesized in 1782 by the Swedish chemist Scheele. Today, hydrocyanic acid (prussic acid) can be produced in large quantities and at low cost by the methane-ammonia oxidation method or as a by-product in the manufacture of acrylonitrile, so it is synthesized using this. That is, an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide is neutralized with hydrocyanic acid, concentrated, crystallized, and then dried. KOH + HCN -> KCN + H2O It is extremely toxic because it breaks down in the body to produce hydrogen cyanide, with a lethal dose of 0.15 grams for humans. Concentrated aqueous solutions can also damage the skin, so care must be taken when handling it. If it comes into contact with the skin, it should be washed immediately and thoroughly with warm soapy water. In the presence of air, many transition metals such as silver and gold are dissolved to form cyanide complexes, for example by the following reaction: 4Au+ 8CN- + O2 + 2H2O [Torii Yasuo] [References] | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
カリウムのシアン化物。俗に青酸カリ、青化カリなどとよばれる。1782年スウェーデンの化学者シェーレによって初めて合成された。今日ではメタン‐アンモニア酸化法により、あるいはアクリロニトリル製造時の副生物としてシアン化水素酸(青酸)が多量に、しかも安価につくられるようになったので、これを用いて合成される。すなわち、水酸化カリウム水溶液をシアン化水素酸で中和し、濃縮して結晶化してから乾燥する。 KOH+HCN―→KCN+H2O 生体内でも分解してシアン化水素を生成するので、きわめて有毒であり、致死量は人間に対し0.15グラムである。濃水溶液も皮膚を冒すので取扱いには注意を要する。皮膚に付着したら、ただちに温せっけん水で十分に洗わなければならない。 空気の存在下で銀、金など多くの遷移金属を溶解し、たとえば次のような反応によってシアノ錯塩をつくる。 4Au+8CN-+O2+2H2O [鳥居泰男] [参照項目] | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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