Murray Gell-Mann

Japanese: ゲル・マン(英語表記)Murray Gell‐Mann
Murray Gell-Mann
1929‐
American theoretical physicist. After graduating from Yale University in 1948, he went on to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he earned his doctorate in 1951. He then went on to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and the University of Chicago, before moving to the California Institute of Technology in 1955, where he became a professor in 1956. In 1953, he introduced strangeness as a new quantum number to explain the behavior of new elementary particles discovered in cosmic rays (Tadao Nakano and Kazuhiko Nishijima also independently did the same). He also proposed the eight-way theory of classification of elementary particles (hadrons) in 1961, and in 1964, he proposed the existence of quarks, which have the electric charge of 1/3 or 2/3 of an electron, as the constituent particles of hadrons according to the eight-way theory, making a great contribution to the development of particle physics.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
1929‐
アメリカの理論物理学者。1948年イェール大学を卒業したのちマサチューセッツ工科大学へ進み,51年に学位を得た。その後,プリンストン高級研究所,シカゴ大学を経て,55年にカリフォルニア工科大学へ移り,56年同教授となる。宇宙線中で発見された新しい素粒子のふるまいを説明するために,1953年新しい量子数としてストレンジネスを導入(同様のことを中野董夫,西島和彦も独立に行った)。また素粒子(ハドロン)の分類に関して61年に八道説を唱え,64年には,八道説に従うハドロンの構成粒子として電子の1/3,2/3などの電荷をもつクォークの存在を提唱するなど,素粒子物理学の発展に大いに貢献した。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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