A typical aliphatic aldehyde, also known as ethanal or simply aldehyde. It is obtained by adding dilute sulfuric acid to paraldehyde and heating it. In the past, it was produced by adding water to acetylene in dilute sulfuric acid using mercury salts as a catalyst, but this is no longer done because it produces harmful waste during the manufacturing process. The Hoechst-Wacker process, in which ethylene is directly oxidized to acetaldehyde using palladium chloride as a catalyst, is widely used. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a strong irritating odor. It is easily oxidized to acetic acid, so it has strong reducing properties and shows reactions such as the silver mirror reaction and the reduction of Fehling's solution. It is prone to polymerization, and when hydrogen chloride is present at low temperatures, it becomes metaldehyde, and when sulfuric acid is applied at low temperatures, it produces paraldehyde. It is said that the astringency of persimmons is removed by the production of acetaldehyde in the fruit through anaerobic respiration, which causes the polymerization of tannins. Also, when alcoholic beverages are consumed, ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is oxidized in the body to carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide gas) and water, but acetaldehyde is produced as an intermediate, which is said to be the cause of drunkenness. It is used as a raw material for many organic chemical industrial products, as an intermediate for the production of plastics and synthetic rubber, and as a preservative and reducing agent. [Masahiro Hirota] [References] | | | | | | [Supplementary information] |©Shogakukan "> Synthesis of acetaldehyde (Hoechst-Wachstein reaction) ©Shogakukan "> Compounds derived from acetaldehyde Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
代表的な脂肪族アルデヒドで、エタナールとも、単にアルデヒドともいう。 パラアルデヒドに希硫酸を加え、加熱すると得られる。以前は、水銀塩を触媒として、希硫酸の中でアセチレンに水を付加させて製造していたが、この製造過程で有害な廃棄物を生ずるので、現在は行われていない。塩化パラジウムを触媒としてエチレンを直接酸化してアセトアルデヒドをつくるヘキスト‐ワッカー法が広く行われている。無色の揮発性に富む液体で、強い刺激臭をもつ。酸化されて酢酸になりやすいので、還元性が強く銀鏡反応、フェーリング液の還元などの反応を示す。重合をおこしやすく、低温で塩化水素が存在するとメタアルデヒドになり、低温で硫酸を作用させるとパラアルデヒドを生成する。カキの実の渋味がとれるのは無気呼吸により果実の中にアセトアルデヒドが生成し、これがタンニンの重合をおこさせることによるといわれる。また、アルコール飲料を摂取すると、エタノール(エチルアルコール)は酸化されて体内で二酸化炭素(炭酸ガス)と水とになるが、中間物としてアセトアルデヒドを生じ、それが酒酔いの原因であるとされている。多数の有機化学工業製品の原料となるほか、プラスチックや合成ゴムの中間原料にもなる。このほか防腐剤や還元剤としても使われる。 [廣田 穰] [参照項目] | | | | | | [補完資料] |©Shogakukan"> アセトアルデヒドの合成(ヘキスト-ワッ… ©Shogakukan"> アセトアルデヒドから誘導される化合物 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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