A cuttlefish of the family Cuttlefish, class Cephalopoda, phylum Mollusca. This is one of the most common species in the family. It is found in the coastal areas of central Honshu, Kyushu, and mainland China, and reaches the northern coast of Australia through Southeast Asia. Its mantle length is 17 cm, and its width is 9 cm. The mantle is dome-shaped and slightly compressed dorsally and ventrally. There are fins along the entire edge on both sides. When alive, males have dark brown, wavy horizontal stripes on their backs, but females have no fixed markings. The ventral surface is pale in color in both sexes. The arms are almost the same length, about 8 cm. The tentacles are usually stored in pockets between the third and fourth arms, but can reach about 20 cm when extended. There is a calcareous shell wrapped around the dorsal mantle, and the rear end protrudes as a sharp needle-like projection, so it is called the hariika in the market. The flesh is thick and delicious. The scientific name Sepia comes from the color of ink, and black pigment was once collected from ink in the Mediterranean region. In the market, it is also known as mica or black squid. In early summer, they gather in inland bays and lay grape-shaped eggs about 1 cm in diameter, one by one, tightly attached to seaweed or sunken wood. In a broad sense, any squid that belongs to the cuttlefish family and has a calcareous shell may be called a cuttlefish. The second most common species in Japan is the thunder squid S. lycidas , which is caught mainly in the East China Sea and is a large species with a mantle length of 21 cm and width of 10 cm. Males have many dark brown horizontal stripes on their backs and oval eye-like patterns, which is why they are called Mongo squids. In recent years, with the increase in demand, European cuttlefish S. officinalis from the Atlantic Ocean and Tropical cuttlefish S. pharaonis from the Indian Ocean are also seen in the market, and the market name of Mongo squid is also used for these large species. In the market, small and medium-sized overseas species are also collectively called cuttlefish. Cuttlefish have thick and soft meat, so they are eaten raw, as well as used as ingredients in tempura, grilled dishes, and stews. Frozen products such as only the mantle and the peeled skin, or only the arms, are also available. [Takashi Okutani] It has fins on both sides of its body, and a calcareous shell is wrapped around its back mantle. It is also called the "hari squid." © Underwater Fort Enterprise, Isamu Soyama "> Cuttlefish (ecology) ©Tomita Hyakushu "> Major types of squid (specimen illustration) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
軟体動物門頭足綱コウイカ科のイカ。同科中でもっとも普通にみられる1種。本州中部から九州および中国大陸の沿岸に産し、東南アジアを経てオーストラリア北岸にまで及ぶ。外套(がいとう)長17センチメートル、外套幅9センチメートルぐらいに達する。外套膜は背腹にやや扁圧(へんあつ)されたドーム形。左右両側には全縁にわたってひれがある。生時は雄の背面に暗褐色で波状の横縞(よこじま)が顕著であるが、雌には定まった斑紋(はんもん)はない。腹面は雌雄とも蒼白(そうはく)色。腕の長さはほぼ等しく8センチメートルぐらいある。触腕は、普段は第3腕と第4腕の間にあるポケットに収まっているが、伸ばすと20センチメートルぐらいに達する。背面の外套に包まれて石灰質の甲(貝殻)があり、後端が鋭い針状突起となって突出しているので、市場ではハリイカの名がある。肉は厚くて美味。学名のセピアSepiaは墨汁の色に由来し、かつて地中海地方では、この類の墨汁から黒い顔料を採集した。市場ではマイカあるいはスミイカの俗称もある。初夏になると内湾に集まって、海藻や沈木などに直径1センチメートルぐらいのブドウの実状をした卵を、1個ずつ密着させて産み付ける。 なお、広い意味では、石灰質の甲(貝殻)をもつコウイカ科に属するイカ類をコウイカということもある。日本でコウイカに次いで多く市場でみられるものはカミナリイカ(雷烏賊)S. lycidasで、主として東シナ海方面で漁獲され、外套長21センチメートル、幅10センチメートルに達する大形種である。雄は背側に多数の暗褐色の横縞があるほか、楕円(だえん)形の眼状紋があるところからモンゴウイカ(紋甲烏賊)とよばれている。近年需要の増大とともに大西洋のヨーロッパコウイカS. officinalisやインド洋のトラフコウイカS. pharaonisなども市場でみられ、これら大形種にもモンゴウイカの市場名が流用されている。また市場では、海外種でも小・中形種はコウイカと総称される。コウイカ類は肉が厚く柔らかいので、生食するほか、てんぷら、焼き物、煮物などの材料にされる。外套膜だけにして皮をむいたものや、腕だけにした冷凍品なども出回っている。 [奥谷喬司] 胴部の左右両側にひれをもち、背面の外套に石灰質の甲(貝殻)が包まれている。ハリイカともよばれる©水中フォート・エンタープライズ 楚山いさむ"> コウイカ(生態) ©冨田百秋"> イカのおもな種類〔標本画〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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