Land system in British India

Japanese: 《イギリス領インドの土地制度》 - いぎりすりょういんどのとちせいど
Land system in British India

...Here, we consider landlords as a class that intervenes between the state and direct producers and owns land and various rights and interests related to the land, and we survey their existence and changes from ancient times to modern times. According to the British colonial official Baden Powell's Land System in British India, Vol. 2 (1892), the origins of landlordism in India are (1) the granting of villages by the king, (2) the division of royal lands, (3) cases where tax collectors or contractors purchase villages and become landlords, and (4) cases where small clans or groups of adventurers conquer and settle, and villages that were originally owned by high-caste families become landlord villages.
[Ancient]
Regarding the land system in ancient India, there has been debate since the 19th century as to whether land was owned by the state (king) or privately by specific individuals or groups.

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Land System in British India" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ここでは地主を〈国家と直接生産者との間に介在し,土地および土地に関するさまざまな権益を私有する階層〉と考え,その存在形態と変動を古代から近代にかけて通観する。 イギリス人植民地官吏ベーデン・ポーエルの《イギリス領インドの土地制度》第2巻(1892)によれば,インドの地主形成の起源は,(1)王による村落の賜与,(2)王領の分割化,(3)地税徴収人,請負人が村落を購入するなどして地主化する場合,(4)小氏族や冒険者集団が征服・定住し,最初から高位カーストの一族によって所有された村が地主村落となる場合,である。
[古代]
 ところで,古代インドの土地制度については,土地が国家(国王)の所有なのか,または特定の個人や集団の私有なのかが19世紀以来論議されてきた。…

※「《イギリス領インドの土地制度》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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