Book of Jonah (English: yônāh, Hebrew)

Japanese: ヨナ書 - よなしょ(英語表記)yônāh ヘブライ語
Book of Jonah (English: yônāh, Hebrew)

One of the twelve minor prophets in the Old Testament. It is a widely loved satirical story with the prophet Jonah as the main character. Jonah is commanded by God to go to Nineveh, the capital of a pagan empire, and prophesy its downfall, but disobeys and escapes by boat. On the way, a great storm occurs, and Jonah is thrown into the sea, swallowed by a giant fish, and spends three days and three nights in its belly. The story is famous. When he finally goes to Nineveh and prophesies, the people all repent, and God refrains from destroying the city. Jonah is dissatisfied with this and becomes angry with God. God makes a castor bean grow in one day, and when he sees Jonah cooling off in its shade, he makes it wither the next day. Jonah is furious again, but God tells him that it is even more unbearable for the people of Nineveh to perish. It is a moral book that is different from the original prophecies, and tells us that God's love extends widely to pagans as well.

This book is considered to be of great significance as a criticism of the rapid shift in Israelite religious thought toward exclusive chosen people ideology after the captivity.

[Kiyoshige Naohiro]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

『旧約聖書』の十二小預言書の一つ。預言者ヨナを主人公に仕立てた風刺的な物語で、広く親しまれている。ヨナは、異教の帝国の首都ニネベへ行って滅亡を預言するよう神の命令を受けるが、これに背いて船で逃げる。途中大嵐(おおあらし)となり、海中に投げ込まれたヨナが巨大な魚に飲(の)まれ、腹の中で三日三晩過ごしたくだりは有名である。ついにニネベに行き、預言すると、人々はみな悔い改めたので、神はこの町を滅ぼすのを思いとどまる。これを不満とするヨナは神に向かって怒る。神はトウゴマを1日で成長させ、その陰でヨナが涼むのを見るや、次の日にそれを枯らす。ふたたび激怒するヨナに、神は、ニネベの人々が滅びるのはなおさら忍びないことであると教える。本来の預言書とは異なる教訓的な書で、神の愛は広く異教徒にも及ぶことを語っている。

 捕囚期以後、イスラエルの宗教思想が急速に排他的な選民主義へ傾いていくことへの批判として、本書は重要な意味をもつ書といわれている。

[清重尚弘]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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