Izumo no Kuni no Miyatsuko

A powerful clan in Izumo in ancient times. They rose to power with the Oo Plain in eastern Izumo as their base, and from the end of the 5th century to the middle of the 6th century, they formed a regional state covering the entire Izumo region and reigned as kings. However, from the latter half of the 6th century, when the Yamato state began to exert its control, first to the west and then from the eastern part of the Oo Plain, they accepted the position of kuni no miyatsuko. The Izumo kuni no miyatsuko Kanyogoto (Izumo kuni no miyatsuko) describes their submission in the form of tribute in the form of ritual rights. After this, the Izumo kuni no miyatsuko took on the title of Izumo no Omi (Izumo no Omi clan), sent court ladies and ladies-in-waiting to the Yamato Imperial Court, established Miyake (miyake) and Bemin (bemin) in their former territories, and eventually implemented the Kori system. Furthermore, when the provincial governor Imbe no Sukunekoobito took up his post in 708 (Wado 1), the Izumo kuni no miyatsuko was made a district governor as the head of Izumo County, but continued to call himself "Izumo kuni no miyatsuko" as he was in charge of the rituals of various shrines within the country. From then on, whenever a new kuni no miyatsuko was appointed, he would travel to the capital to offer a sacred prayer. From the Nanboku-cho period onwards, the kuni no miyatsuko position was passed down to the Senge and Kitajima families and continues to this day. In addition, the fire-passing ceremony that marks the succession of the kuni no miyatsuko position is famous as an event that conveys ancient customs.

[Teiji Kadowaki]

"Ancient History of Izumo" by Teiji Kadowaki (1976, Japan Broadcasting Publishing Association)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

古代における出雲の豪族。出雲東部の意宇(おう)平野を本拠として台頭し、5世紀末から6世紀なかばには、出雲全域にわたる地域国家を形成し王として君臨した。しかし、6世紀後半から大和(やまと)国家の制圧が、まず西部に、ついで意宇平野の東部から及んでくると、国造の地位を受け入れた。出雲国造神賀詞(かんよごと)は、祭祀(さいし)権の貢上の形をとった服属のようすを語っている。このあと出雲国造は出雲臣(いずものおみ)氏を称し、采女(うねめ)、トネリを大和朝廷に送り、旧領内に屯倉(みやけ)、部民を置き、やがて評(こおり)制も施行された。さらに708年（和銅1）に国司忌部宿禰子首(いんべのすくねこおびと)が着任すると、出雲国造は意宇郡大領として一郡司とされたが、国内諸社の祭祀をつかさどるものとして「出雲国造」を称し続けた。以後、国造交代のたびに上京して神賀詞を奏上した。南北朝時代から、国造職は千家(せんげ)、北島家に受け継がれ今日に及ぶ。また、国造職の相続にあたっての火継(ひつぎ)は、古式を伝える行事として有名である。

［門脇禎二］

『門脇禎二著『出雲の古代史』（1976・日本放送出版協会）』

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