Born: September 16, 1885 in Hamburg [Died] December 4, 1952. New York German-born American female psychoanalyst. Maiden name Danielsen. Her father was Norwegian and her mother was Dutch. She graduated from the Medical University of Berlin in 1912. While studying there, she received training in psychoanalysis under K. Abraham. In addition to her medical practice, she worked as a training analyst at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute and became famous in the field of psychiatric treatment. In 1932, she moved to the United States (naturalized in 1938) and became vice director of the Chicago Psychoanalytic Institute. In 1934, she opened a practice in New York, taught at the New York Psychoanalytic Institute and the School for Social Research, and trained psychoanalysts. In 1939, she wrote New Ways in Psychoanalysis, emphasizing the importance of social and environmental factors in the formation of personality and criticizing S. Freud's biological pansexual theory. This drew criticism from the orthodox Freudians, and in 1941 she founded the Society for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis. She believed that the main cause of the onset of neurosis was the capitalist social structure, and she also conducted pioneering research on the historical and social subordinate position of women. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1885.9.16. ハンブルク [没]1952.12.4. ニューヨーク ドイツ生まれのアメリカの女性精神分析学者。旧姓 Danielsen。父はノルウェー人,母はオランダ人。 1912年ベルリン医科大学を卒業。在学中に K.アブラハムのもとで精神分析法の訓練を受けた。診療のかたわらベルリン精神分析所の訓練分析医として活躍し,精神病治療の分野で有名になり,1932年渡米 (1938帰化) ,シカゴ精神分析研究所副所長。 1934年からニューヨークで開業するとともにニューヨーク精神分析研究所,社会研究学校で教え,精神分析医を養成した。 1939年に『新精神分析法』 New Ways in Psychoanalysisを著わしてパーソナリティの形成に社会的および環境的要因の重要性を強調し,S.フロイトの生物学的な汎性欲説を批判した。このためにフロイト正統派の批判を買い,1941年に新たに精神分析振興協会を設立した。彼女は神経症発生の主因を資本主義社会機構におき,女性の歴史的,社会的な従属的地位についても先駆的研究がある。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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