Honai merchant

Japanese: 保内商人 - ほないしょうにん
Honai merchant

A merchant who lived in Tokuchinnoho, Gamo County, Omi Province (Higashi Omi City, Shiga Prefecture) in the Middle Ages and engaged in intermediate trade between distant areas such as Ise, Mino, Wakasa, and Kyoto as a side job among farmers. Tokuchinnoho merchants. They are the origin of the Omi merchants of the early modern period, and are one of the four merchants (Ishido, Obata, Kutsukake, and Honai) who monopolized trade through Ise across the Suzuka Mountains. They controlled the distribution routes of salt, kimono, paper, etc., and exercised a monopoly on wholesale-like business, causing disputes with the neighboring merchants of Obata, Yokozeki, and Goka. Tokuchinnoho was made up of Kami Rokugo and Shimo Hachigo, the latter of which formed the core of the merchant group. The documents of Imabori Hiyoshi Shrine, which was located in one of these villages, provide a good picture of the medieval commercial activities of the Honai merchants. The merchant group was made up of two classes: merchants who walked and merchants who carried goods by horseback, but there was an equality regulation that only allowed one horse per household to participate.

[Haruko Wakita]

[Reference] | Imahori Hiyoshi Shrine Documents | Omi Merchants | Tokuchinpo

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中世に近江(おうみ)国蒲生(がもう)郡得珍保(とくちんのほ)(滋賀県東近江市)に住み、農間副業として、伊勢(いせ)、美濃(みの)、若狭(わかさ)、京都などを結ぶ遠隔地間の仲継商業に従事した商人。得珍保内商人のこと。近世の近江商人の源流をなすもので、鈴鹿(すずか)山越えの伊勢通商を独占した四本(しほん)商人(石塔(いしどう)、小幡(おばた)、沓懸(くつかけ)、保内)の一つである。塩、呉服、紙などの流通路を抑えて、問屋的な営業独占権を行使し、近隣の小幡郷、横関(よこぜき)、五箇(ごか)商人などと争論を起こしている。得珍保は上六郷、下八郷からなり、後者が商人団の中枢をなした。その一郷にあった今堀日吉(いまぼりひよし)神社文書には、保内商人の中世商業のありさまがよく示されている。商人団の構成は徒足(かち)の商人と、馬で運ぶ駄荷(だに)の商人の2階層からなるが、1世帯には馬1匹分の参加しか認めないという平等規制をもっていた。

[脇田晴子]

[参照項目] | 今堀日吉神社文書 | 近江商人 | 得珍保

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