…a type of triumphal monument erected in Rome by a victorious general during the Roman Republic. It generally takes the form of a free-standing arch, but later examples also appeared that took the form of a triple arch or four-sided gate. From 【Tank】...Chariots were used for some time in Euboea, Boeotia, Lydia, Cyprus, and Etruria, in Gaul until the 3rd century BC, in Cyrenaica and Brittany until the beginning of the Common Era, and in the Achaemenid Persian Empire, in a sickled form. In Rome, the chariot was for a time the privileged vehicle of kings, but was soon used only for triumphs and chariot races. The sickled chariot, which according to Xenophon was first invented by Cyrus, was used in the armies of Antiochus III in 189 BC, Mithridates VI in 86 BC, and his son Pharnaces II in 47 BC... From [Yupiteru]The temple was built in the 15th century BCE, and was dedicated to Jupiter, the third son of Jupiter and the third son of Jupiter. The temple was dedicated to Jupiter, the third son of Jupiter and the third son of Jupiter. The temple was built in the 15th century CE, and was dedicated to Jupiter the Great. The temple was built in the 15th century CE, and was dedicated to Jupiter the Great. The temple was built in the 15th century CE, and was dedicated to Jupiter the Great. The temple was built in the 15th century CE, and was dedicated to Jupiter the Great. Also on the Capitoline Hill was the oldest temple in Rome dedicated to Jupiter Feretrius (Feretrius can be interpreted as either 'Bearer of Spoils' or 'Striker of the Enemy'), to whom Rome's first king, Romulus (late 8th century BCE), is said to have offered spoils of war and pledged the dedication of the temple, and on the Palatine Hill was the temple of Jupiter Stator ('Supporter'). *Some of the terminology that refers to "triumphal procession" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…古代ローマ共和政時代の戦勝を得た将軍がローマ市内で行う凱旋式の記念として建立した凱旋記念建造物の一形式。一般には独立したアーチ門の形態を有するが,後には三連アーチ門や四面門の形態をとる例も現れた。… 【戦車】より…しばらくの間エウボイア,ボイオティア,リュディア,キプロスそしてエトルリアで,ガリアでは前3世紀まで,キレナイカとブルターニュでは紀元初めまで,そしてアケメネス朝ペルシア帝国では鎌を付けた形で戦車が使われた。ローマでは戦車は,一時,王の特権的乗物として使われたが,すぐに凱旋式と戦車競技にしか使われなくなっている。クセノフォンによればキュロス王により初めて考案されたとされる鎌を付けた戦車は,前189年にはアンティオコス3世の軍隊で,前86年にはミトリダテス6世の軍隊で,前47年にはその子ファルナケス2世の軍隊で使われた。… 【ユピテル】より…これはローマ最後の王タルクイニウス・スペルブス(前6世紀後半)のころに落成したカピトリヌス丘上の大神殿に,エトルリアの影響を受けて,彼の妃のユノ,娘のミネルウァ両女神とともに三位一体の形でまつられていたユピテルで,毎年2人ずつ選ばれるコンスル(執政官)は,就任に際してまずこの神殿にもうで,国家に対する前年同様の加護を祈願した。また将軍はここで犠牲を捧げてから遠征に出発し,大勝利をおさめて帰還したときの凱旋式も,この神殿における儀式で幕を閉じるならわしであった。カピトリヌス丘上にはさらに,ローマ初代の王ロムルス(前8世紀後半)が戦利品を捧げて神殿の奉献を誓ったと伝えられるユピテル・フェレトリウスJupiter Feretrius(フェレトリウスは〈戦利品を運ぶ者〉とも〈敵を撃つ者〉とも解される)がローマ最古の神殿にまつられており,パラティヌスの丘にはユピテル・スタトルJupiter Stator(〈支える者〉)の神殿があった。… ※「凱旋式」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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