The oxide of bismuth. There are various oxides of bismuth, but the most common is bismuth(III) oxide. (1) Bismuth(III) oxide Metal or hydroxide Bi(OH) 3 is ignited in air. It is yellow and polymorphic. It occurs naturally as bismuth lead. The monoclinic crystals, which are stable at room temperature, transform into cubic crystals at 729°C. When melted and cooled, it becomes tetragonal crystals at 650°C. The low-temperature phase is the α (alpha) type, and the high-temperature phase is the β (beta) type. It is insoluble in water, and is a basic oxide that dissolves in acids but is insoluble in alkalis. (2) Bismuth(V) oxide When bismuth(III) oxide is oxidized in an alkaline environment with strong oxidizing agents such as chlorine or peroxodisulfate, it is obtained as a brown or black precipitate. It loses oxygen easily and its composition is unclear, but it is thought to contain pentavalent bismuth, and is used as an oxidizing agent in acidic conditions. It becomes Bi2O4 at 150 °C and Bi2O3 at 357°C. [Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara] [Supplementary Material] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ビスマスの酸化物。種々の酸化物が存在するが、普通は酸化ビスマス(Ⅲ)をさす。 (1)酸化ビスマス(Ⅲ) 金属または水酸化物Bi(OH)3を空気中で強熱する。黄色、多形である。天然には蒼鉛華(そうえんか)として産する。常温で安定な単斜結晶は729℃で立方結晶に転移する。溶かしてから冷やすと650℃で正方結晶となる。低温相がα(アルファ)型で、高温相がβ(ベータ)型である。水に不溶、塩基性酸化物で酸に溶けるが、アルカリには不溶。 (2)酸化ビスマス(Ⅴ) 酸化ビスマス(Ⅲ)をアルカリ性で塩素またはペルオキソ二硫酸塩のような強酸化剤で酸化するとき、褐色または黒色の沈殿として得られる。酸素を失いやすく組成がはっきりしないが、5価ビスマスを含むと考えられ、酸性で酸化剤として用いられる。150℃でBi2O4、357℃でBi2O3となる。 [守永健一・中原勝儼] [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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