Amabe - Fishermen's Club

One of the Shinabe in the pre-Taika period. Also written as Umabe. They were obligated to pay tribute to the government with seafood and other products. The Nihon Shoki states that the Umabe and Yamamoribe were established in the 5th year of Emperor Ojin's reign, but this is not certain. They were widely distributed throughout the country, including in Kitakyushu, Setouchi, Tokai, and Hokuriku, and were led by Tomo no Miyatsuko such as Umi (be) no Omi (be) no Omi (be) in each region. Furthermore, since many Umi (be) no Omi (be) had different origins and lineages, it seems that the Umabe were not ruled collectively on a national scale. However, the relatively powerful Tomo no Miyatsuko in the center was the Azumi clan. Although many Umabe lived on the coast, it is known from the distribution of ancient place names such as Umabe-go in the mountainous areas that many of them settled inland by going up the rivers. It seems that the Umabe transformed into agricultural people at an early stage.

[Hiromichi Mayuzumi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

大化前代の品部の一つ。海部とも書く。海産物などを貢納する義務を負った。『日本書紀』応神(おうじん)天皇5年に海人部と山守部を定めたとあるが確かでない。北九州、瀬戸内、東海、北陸など全国的に広く分布するが、各地で海（部）直(あたい)などの伴造(とものみやつこ)に統率された。しかも、海（部）直はそれぞれに出自、系統を異にするものが少なくないから、海人部は全国的規模でまとめて支配されたものではないらしい。ただし、比較的有力な中央の伴造は阿曇(あずみ)氏であった。なお、海人部は海浜に住む者も多いが、河川をさかのぼって内陸に定着する者も少なくなかったことは、山間部における海部郷などの古代地名の分布からも知られる。かかる海人部は早くから農耕民へと変身していったらしい。

［黛　弘道］

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