Preston, Lewis Thompson

Japanese: プレストン（英語表記）Preston, Lewis Thompson

Born: August 5, 1926, New York, New York
[Died] May 4, 1995, Washington, DC
American banker. He served as president of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) from 1991 to 1995. He assumed his position at a critical time when 23 new countries joined the World Bank following the collapse of the Soviet Union. He focused on supporting poverty reduction programs, and significantly expanded lending to environmental projects, health, education, and family planning. He also expanded the bank's advisory role to recipient countries, particularly in restructuring the public sector. He worked to improve cost-effectiveness, eliminating about 240 senior positions immediately after assuming his position in 1991, and announcing a 6% budget cut in 1994. After graduating from Harvard University, he spent 40 years at JP Morgan & Co., one of Wall Street's most prestigious investment banks, serving as vice president, president, chairman and CEO. He persuaded the company's management to enter the untapped Eurodollar market (→Eurodollar) after the bank's acquisition of Guaranty Trust, and led the bank to prosperity. He was said to have been earning an annual salary of $2 million at JP Morgan, but accepted a position as president of the World Bank at the request of President George H. W. Bush, with an annual salary of $285,000. He resigned as president in March 1995 while undergoing cancer treatment.

Preston
Preston

It is the capital of Lancashire County in the northwest of England, and is part of the Preston district. It is a port city located about 50 km northwest of Manchester, facing the lowest reaches of the River Ribble, which forms an estuary downstream of the city and flows into the Irish Sea. The town was founded near a Roman fort, and was located along a major transportation route connecting the north and south of England, so it developed as a trading center in the Middle Ages, and was granted its first royal charter in 1179. During the Tudor period from the end of the 15th century onwards, it prospered as a commercial center in the region, and production of woolen textiles, linens, and other products also flourished. In 1777, the first cotton spinning mill was built, and cotton production increased dramatically after that. In 1843, the port facilities were expanded, and trading of coal, cotton products, raw materials, and other items began. Although the cotton textile industry is in decline, there are many other industries, including machinery, automobiles, aircraft, chemicals, shipbuilding, synthetic fibers, and papermaking. The area is also important as a distribution center for agricultural products and livestock, with an agricultural area called Filed behind it. There are many churches, including St. John's Cathedral (1855), and the Harris Art, Library and Museum (1879). Area: 142 ^km2 . Area population: 131,000 (2004 estimate). Urban population: 184,836 (2001).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1926.8.5. ニューヨーク，ニューヨーク
[没]1995.5.4. ワシントンD.C.
アメリカ合衆国の銀行家。1991～95年，国際復興開発銀行（世界銀行）総裁を務めた。ソビエト連邦崩壊に伴って 23ヵ国が世界銀行に新規加盟した重要な時期に，総裁の任にあたった。貧困削減計画の支援に力を入れ，環境事業，保健，教育，家族計画向けの融資を大幅に拡大した。また融資先諸国に対する助言的な機能の拡充，特に各国の公共部門の再編に尽力した。費用対効果比の向上に努め，1991年の総裁着任直後に約 240の上級職を廃止，1994年には 6%の予算削減を発表した。ハーバード大学卒業後，40年にわたってウォール街屈指の名門投資銀行，J.P.モルガン・アンド・カンパニーに在籍し，副社長，社長，会長兼最高経営責任者 CEOを歴任。ギャランティ・トラスト買収後の同社経営陣を説得して未開のユーロ・ダラー市場（→ユーロ・ダラー）に参入し，J.P.モルガンを繁栄に導いた。J.P.モルガンでは 200万ドルの年俸を得ていたといわれるが，ジョージ・H.W.ブッシュ大統領の要請に応じて年俸 28万5000ドルの世界銀行総裁に就任した。癌治療中の 1995年3月に総裁を辞任した。

プレストン
Preston

イギリス，イングランド北西部，ランカシャー県の県都。プレストン地区を構成する。マンチェスターの北西約 50km，リブル川最下流部に臨む港湾都市で，リブル川は市の下流で三角江（エスチュアリー）をなしてアイリッシュ海に注ぐ。ローマ時代の要塞の近くに形成された町で，イングランドの南北を結ぶ主要交通路に沿っていたことから，中世には交易中心地として発展し，1179年に最初の勅許状が与えられた。15世紀末以降のチューダー朝時代にはこの地方の商業中心地として繁栄し，毛織物，リンネルなどの生産も盛んとなった。1777年最初の綿糸紡績工場が建設され，以後綿糸の生産が飛躍的に増大。1843年には港湾施設が拡充され，石炭，綿製品，原料などの取り引きが行なわれるようになった。綿織物工業は斜陽化したが，機械，自動車，航空機，化学，造船，化学繊維，製紙など多様な工業があり，また背後にファイルドと呼ばれる農業地帯を控え，農産物や家畜の集散地としても重要。聖ジョン聖堂（1855）をはじめとする多数の聖堂や，ハリス美術・図書・博物館（1879）がある。地区面積 142km²。地区人口 13万1000（2004推計）。都市人口 18万4836（2001）。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Helmuth Plessner

>>: Prestressed concrete