The Hague Peace Conference

Japanese: ハーグ平和会議 - はーぐへいわかいぎ
The Hague Peace Conference

The Hague Conference was held twice, in 1899 and 1907, for international peace. The first peace conference was held in 1899, at the initiative of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, with the aim of establishing a system for disarmament and peaceful settlement of disputes. Although 26 countries participated in the conference, no concrete agreement was reached on disarmament, and three treaties were adopted: the Convention for the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes, the Convention on the Laws and Customs of War on Land, and the Convention on the Application of the Principles of the Geneva (Red Cross) Conventions to Naval Warfare, as well as three declarations (prohibiting the dropping of explosive projectiles from light air balloons, the Prohibition of the Use of Poison Gas Projectiles, and the Prohibition of the Use of Dum-Dum Bullets). The second Hague Conference was held in 1907, delayed due to the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05), with the aim of "discussing matters of interest which will promote the happiness of all mankind." This conference was attended by 44 countries, including non-European countries, including Japan. The conference adopted 13 treaties and one declaration to regulate war, including amendments to the treaties adopted at the first Hague Conference, but was unsuccessful in concluding a treaty on disarmament. However, the two Hague Peace Conferences were significant in clarifying a common goal for international peace and in adopting the laws of war.

It was during the second conference that Korea sent a secret envoy in opposition to Japan's annexation policy.

[Sakutaro Tsutsugi]

[Reference] | The Hague Secret Courier Incident

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1899年と1907年の2回にわたり、オランダのハーグで開催された国際平和のための会議。1899年、ロシア皇帝ニコライ2世の主唱で、軍縮と紛争の平和的解決制度の樹立を目的として、第1回平和会議が開催された。26か国の参加を得たこの会議では、軍縮について具体的合意は得られず、国際紛争平和的処理条約、陸戦ノ法規慣例ニ関スル条約、ジュネーブ(赤十字)条約ノ原則ヲ海戦ニ応用スル条約(3条約)、ならびに三宣言(軽気球からの投射物爆発物投下禁止宣言、毒ガス投射物使用禁止宣言、ダムダム弾使用禁止宣言)が採択された。第2回ハーグ会議は日露戦争(1904~05)のため予定より遅れ、07年に「全人類の幸福を増進する関心事を討議」する目的で開催された。この会議には、日本を含む非ヨーロッパ諸国の参加もあって、44か国の出席をみた。この会議では、第1回ハーグ会議で採択された条約の改正を含め、戦争を規制する諸条約(13の条約と一つの宣言)を採択し、軍縮に関する条約の締結には成功しなかった。しかし、2回のハーグ平和会議は、国際平和に関する共通目的を明確にし、戦争法規を採択した意義は大きい。

 なお、韓国が日本の併合政策に反対して密使を送ったのは、第2回の会議中のことである。

[經塚作太郎]

[参照項目] | ハーグ密使事件

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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