Cultivator - Cultivator (English spelling)

Japanese: カルチベーター - かるちべーたー(英語表記)cultivator
Cultivator - Cultivator (English spelling)

A cultivator for field crops developed in Europe and the US. The cultivator tines and weeding/climbing blades are adjusted according to the level of weeds, and the inter-row weeding is performed by combining the pulling, cutting, and burying actions of the tines. Recently, it has been combined with herbicides and used for mechanical weeding about once or twice from the early to middle stages of crop growth. Animal-powered 1-row, 5-tine cultivators were imported from America in 1870 (Meiji 3) along with plows and used in field crop areas in Hokkaido, but in the 1950s and 60s, they quickly became popular in prefectures and were used for a wide range of purposes, including simple land leveling and soil filling for wheat, compacting wheat, and digging up potatoes, in addition to cultivating and weeding field crops, by adjusting the cultivator tines and weeding blades. Subsequently, draft animals were replaced by machinery, and one- or two-row cultivators for tailors and multi-row cultivators with three to five rows for tractors came into use. Furthermore, the use of rotary cultivators, which use power to rotate the blades to till and weed, is on the rise.

[Kiyomi Sato]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

欧米で開発された畑作物用の中耕除草機。中耕爪(づめ)、除草・培土刃を雑草の程度にあわせて調整し、爪刃の引き抜き作用、切断作用、埋没作用の組合せによって条間の除草を行うもので、最近は除草剤と組み合わせて、作物の生育初期から中期にかけ1~2回程度の機械除草に使用する。畜力用1条5本爪カルチベーターが1870年(明治3)プラウとともにアメリカから輸入され、北海道の畑作地帯で利用されていたが、昭和20年代に急速に普及した府県では、畑作物の中耕除草以外に、中耕爪と除草刃の調整によって、ムギの簡易整地や土入れ、ムギの踏圧(とうあつ)といも(ジャガイモ)の掘り取りなど広範囲に使用されてきた。その後、役畜が機械に置き換えられ、テイラー用の1~2条、トラクター用の3~5条の多条カルチベーターが利用され、さらに動力で爪刃を回転させながら中耕除草を行うロータリー式カルチベーターの利用が増加の傾向にある。

[佐藤清美]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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