A city in Kemerovo Oblast, central Russia. Named Kuznetsk-Sibirskiy from 1622 to 1931, Novokuznetsk from 1931 to 1932, and Stalinsk-Kuznetsk from 1932 to 1961. Located on both banks of the Tomi River, a tributary of the Ob River in Western Siberia, at the confluence of the Ava River and the Kondoma River. Population 562,800 (1999). Located in the Kuznetsk coalfield (Kuzbass), it is one of Russia's leading metallurgical industrial cities. The Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combinat began steel production in 1932, and the West Siberian Metallurgical Plant was built in the 1960s. Other industries include aluminum smelting, iron alloys, coal mining, machinery manufacturing (mainly for mining), construction materials, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, light industry, and food. There are also various research institutes (hydraulic coal mining, metallurgy), colleges (metallurgy, education), theaters, museums, and art galleries. The city's origins date back to the Kuznetsk Fence (fortress) built in 1617 on the territory of the Abans (present-day Shorets), and it became a city in 1622. At the time, the Abans were skilled in ironsmithing, so the Russians called them Kuznets (Russian for blacksmiths), which also became the name of the city. Industry developed during the First Five-Year Plan (1928-1932), when they teamed up with Magnitogorsk (iron mine, steelworks) to form the Ural-Kuzbass Combinat, but now they use iron ore from the local Gornaya Shoriya and Khakassia, as well as from Sokolov-Sarbai in the Republic of Kazakhstan. [Masatoshi Mikami] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシア連邦中部、ケメロボ州の都市。1622~1931年の名称クズネツク・シビルスキー、1931~32年の名称ノボクズネツク、1932~61年の名称スターリンスク・クズネツクСталинск-Кузнецк/Stalinsk-Kuznetsk。西シベリアのオビ川支流トミ川の上流に、アバ川とコンドマ川が合流する地点のトミ川両岸に位置する。人口56万2800(1999)。クズネツク炭田(クズバス)にあるロシア屈指の冶金(やきん)工業都市で、1932年にクズネツク冶金コンビナートが鉄鋼生産を開始し、さらに60年代に西シベリア冶金工場が建設された。そのほかアルミニウム精錬、鉄合金、石炭採掘、機械製造(おもに鉱業用)、建設資材、化学・薬品、軽工業、食料品などの工業が盛ん。諸研究所(水力採炭、冶金)、単科大学(冶金、教育)、劇場、博物館、美術館などもある。 市の起源は1617年にアバ人(現在のショーレツ人)の住地に建設されたクズネツク柵(さく)(要塞(ようさい))で、22年に市となった。当時アバ人は鉄器の鍛冶(かじ)を特技としたのでロシア人は彼らをクズネツ(ロシア語で鍛冶屋の意)とよび、それが地名にもなった。工業が勃興(ぼっこう)したのは、第一次五か年計画(1928~32)で、マグニトゴルスク(鉄鉱山、製鉄所)と組んでウラル‐クズバス・コンビナートを構成してからであるが、いまは地元のゴルナヤ・ショリヤ産とハカシア産、およびカザフスタン共和国のソコロフ・サルバイ産の鉄鉱石を使う。 [三上正利] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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