It is a mental action of isolating and extracting a specific quality or common feature from a given whole object. For example, isolating only the face as a representation from the whole human being is a cut on the same dimension as the object, and cannot be considered abstract in its true sense. Extracting only the "redness" or "shape" from a red tie, or selecting the common redness from a postbox, a ripe tomato, etc., and extracting the "color" from red, blue, and yellow, are abstractions. On the other hand, abstraction is accompanied by the discarding of unnecessary factors. Abstraction has a degree of universality and generality, and a high degree of abstraction is closely related to linguistic actions, is a prerequisite for the formation of universal terms and propositions, categorization, and theoretical construction, and is an essential action in everyday and academic activities. The adjective "abstract" is used as the opposite concept of "concrete." However, for example, the natural number "1" is more abstract than a pencil or a dog, but is more concrete than the concepts of "natural numbers" and "numbers" as a whole, so abstractness and concreteness differ depending on how the criteria are taken. [Takahide Toshita] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
与えられた対象全体から、特定の性質や共通の徴表を分離し、抜き出す精神作用をいう。たとえば、人間全体から顔だけを表象として分離することは対象と同次元上の切断で、本来の抽象とはいえない。赤いネクタイから「赤さ」か「形」だけを抽出すること、また、ポスト、熟したトマトなどから共通の赤さを選び、赤、青、黄から「色」を抜き出すことは抽象である。抽象は不要な契機を捨てる捨象を反面に伴っている。抽象には普遍性、一般性の度合いがあり、高度の抽象は言語作用と密接に関係して、普遍名辞や命題の形成、類型化、理論構成に前提され、日常的、学問的活動に不可欠な作用である。形容詞の「抽象的」は「具体的」の対概念として使われる。ただし、たとえば自然数の「1」は1本の鉛筆、一匹の犬などよりは抽象的だが、「自然数」や「数」全体の概念などに比べれば具体的であるように、抽象性、具体性は基準のとり方で異なる。 [杖下隆英] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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