Tragic - Hisou (English spelling) the tragic

Japanese: 悲壮 - ひそう（英語表記）the tragic

Aesthetic term. An aesthetic category that is usually considered the opposite of humor. Its pure expression is found in tragedy, but it is also found in other arts and the everyday world. It is similar to pathos, but it is not simply sadness; it is related to the downfall of a worthy person. In other words, it appears when the tragic hero is of higher value than the various causes that seek to harm and destroy him, and his downfall is inevitable due to the essential structure of human beings and the world, and cannot be stopped by any force, or when the downfall is caused by the intervention of a transcendent being. The downfall or misfortune of the innocent also appears as tragic. Pathos is sometimes included in the broad sense of the sublime, and A. Schopenhauer considered the "highest degree of the sublime" to be "pathetic."

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

美学上の用語。通常滑稽の対立概念とされる美的範疇の一つ。本来は悲劇のなかにその純粋な発現がみられるが，その他の芸術や日常世界にもみられる。悲哀とも似るが単純な悲しさではなく，価値ある人物の没落に関係する。すなわち悲劇の主人公が，彼を侵害し，破滅させようとするもろもろの原因より高い価値のにない手であり，かつ彼の没落が人間や世界の本質的構造から必然的に生じ，いかなる力をもってしてもこれをとどめえない場合や，没落が超越者の介入によって生じるときに現れる。罪なき破滅や悲運も悲壮なものとして現れる。悲壮は広義の崇高に包括されることもあり，A.ショーペンハウアーは「最大度の崇高」を「悲壮」とみなした。

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