The part of a building's roof that protrudes outward from the exterior wall line. It usually forms a continuous shape along the perimeter of the building, and is distinct from eaves, which are attached only partially, such as above an opening. Eaves create shade against strong sunlight and protect walls and openings from heavy wind and rain, and deep eaves are a common design feature in architecture in monsoon regions. However, if a steeply sloping roof is made to protrude and have deep eaves, the eaves end becomes low, making it inconvenient to use the building. In Japanese architecture, noyane (open roofs) and decorative eaves were devised to solve this problem. As a result, the space under the eaves can be used as an important living space connecting the interior and exterior, and it also became possible to have a wide veranda. A single rafter from the eaves beam to the eaves tip is called hitonoki, while a rafter divided into two sections is called futanoki. Normally, Japanese-style architecture has a single rafter, but in major Buddhist temples after the East Pagoda of Yakushiji Temple or buildings influenced by it, it is customary to have two rafters. [Yamada Koichi] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
建物の屋根で、外壁の線から外に突出した部分をいう。通常は建物の外周に沿って連続した形となり、開口の上部など部分的に取り付けられる庇(ひさし)と区別する。軒は強い日差しに対し影をつくり、激しい風雨から壁面や開口を保護する役目をもち、深い軒はモンスーン地帯の建築に共通する意匠上の特徴ともなっている。しかし勾配(こうばい)の急な屋根を突出させ深い軒をつくれば、軒先が低くなって建物の使用上不便を生じる。日本建築ではこれを解決するために野屋根(のやね)や化粧軒裏がくふうされた。その結果、軒下が屋内と屋外をつなぐ重要な生活空間として活用できるようになり、広い縁側をとることも可能となった。 軒裏の垂木(たるき)を軒桁(のきげた)から軒先まで1本の材で通すものを一軒(ひとのき)、2段に分けるものを二軒(ふたのき)という。通常の和風建築は一軒であるが、薬師寺東塔以降の主要な仏寺ないしその影響を受けた建物では二軒にするのが通例である。 [山田幸一] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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