Zemlinsky, Alexander

Japanese: ツェムリンスキー(英語表記)Zemlinsky, Alexander
Zemlinsky, Alexander
Born October 14, 1871 in Vienna, Austria
[Died] March 15, 1942. Larchmont, New York, USA. Austrian composer and conductor. He is still highly regarded for his outstanding skills in both composition and conducting. He studied at the Vienna Conservatory from 1887 to 1892. In 1893, he composed several chamber pieces that attracted the attention of Johannes Brahms and others. In 1895, he met Arnold Schoenberg, who became his lifelong friend and later his brother-in-law. In 1904, he began conducting operas at the Vienna City Opera (Volksoper Wien), and served as the orchestra director (Kapellmeister) there from 1906 to 1911 (except for 1907-08, when he conducted at the Vienna Court Opera). In 1904, he introduced the new Viennese music (Second Viennese School) together with Schoenberg, and founded the Society of Creative Musicians. From 1911 to 1927, he was the opera conductor at the German National Theatre in Prague, Czech Republic, and from 1927 to 1930, he was the conductor at the Kroll Opera in Berlin. He taught at the Berlin Conservatory until 1933. He returned to Vienna in 1933, and emigrated to the United States in 1938. Of his ten operas, the best-known Eine florentinische Tragödie (1915-16) and Der Zwerg (1920-21, also known as Der Geburtstag de Infantin (The Princess's Birthday)) are both adaptations of works by Oscar Wilde. His most well-known symphonies are the Lyric Symphony (1923) for soprano, baritone, and orchestra. Among his song works, the collection of songs on poems by Maurice Maeterlinck (1910-13) are well-known. His choral, orchestral, piano and chamber works are also well known.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1871.10.14. オーストリア,ウィーン
[没]1942.3.15. アメリカ合衆国,ニューヨーク,ラーチモント
オーストリアの作曲家,指揮者。作曲と指揮の両分野で卓越した技能を発揮し,いまなお高く評価されている。1887~92年,ウィーン音楽院に学んだ。1893年に作曲した数曲の室内楽作品がヨハネス・ブラームスなどに注目された。1895年にアルノルト・シェーンベルクに出会って生涯の友人となり,のちに義理の兄弟となった。1904年からウィーン市民歌劇場(フォルクスオーパー・ウィーン)でオペラの指揮をするようになり,1906~11年には同歌劇場の楽団長(カペルマイスター)を務めた(ウィーン宮廷歌劇場で指揮をした 1907~08年度を除く)。また 1904年,シェーンベルクとともにウィーンの新音楽(新ウィーン楽派)を紹介し,創造的音楽家協会を設立した。1911~27年チェコのプラハ・ドイツ国立劇場のオペラ指揮者,1927~30年ベルリンのクロール歌劇場(クロール・オペラ)の楽長。1933年までベルリン高等音楽院で教鞭をとった。1933年ウィーンに戻り,1938年アメリカ合衆国へ移住。オペラ作品 10作のうち,知名度が高い『フィレンツェの悲劇』Eine florentinische Tragödie(1915~16)と『こびと』Der Zwerg(1920~21,別名『王女の誕生日』Der Geburtstag de Infantin)はいずれもオスカー・ワイルドの著作の脚色作品。代表的な交響曲はソプラノ,バリトン,管弦楽のための『抒情交響曲』Lyrische Symphonie(1923)。歌曲作品のなかではモーリス・メーテルランクの詩による歌曲集(1910~13)がよく知られる。合唱曲,管弦楽曲,ピアノ曲,室内楽曲も有名。

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