Magnesium carbonate

Japanese: 炭酸マグネシウム - たんさんまぐねしうむ(英語表記)magnesium carbonate
Magnesium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate. Sometimes called charcoal-magnesium. It occurs naturally as magnesite. When sodium carbonate is added to an aqueous solution of magnesium salt while passing carbon dioxide through it, it usually precipitates as a trihydrate. When dried and dehydrated in a carbon dioxide stream, a trigonal anhydrous hydrate (formula weight 84.3) is obtained (mono- and pentahydrates are also known). It decomposes easily when heated, releasing carbon dioxide and becoming magnesium oxide. It is slightly soluble in water. In pure water, it can be considered to hydrolyze according to the following formula:

MgCO 3 +2H 2 OMg(OH) 2 +H 2 O+CO 2
Therefore, when made without an excess of carbon dioxide, the composition is generally close to 4MgCO3 ·Mg(OH) 2 · 4H2O . This basic salt is more chemically active than magnesium carbonate itself and dissolves well in acid, making it a raw material for magnesium salts. Fine particles are also used in toothpaste, cosmetics, paper, and rubber fillers. Magnesia alba, which is used in medicine, is also this substance. Natural magnesite is roasted to produce magnesium oxide, which is used as a raw material for refractories.

[Torii Yasuo]

[References] | Magnesium oxide | Magnesite [Additional information] | Magnesium carbonate (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

炭酸のマグネシウム塩。炭マグとよばれることがある。天然にはマグネサイト(菱苦土石(りょうくどせき))として産出する。マグネシウム塩の水溶液に二酸化炭素を通じながら炭酸ナトリウムを加えると、通常三水和物として沈殿する。二酸化炭素気流中で乾燥脱水すると三方晶系の無水和物(式量84.3)が得られる(ほかに一および五水和物も知られる)。加熱により容易に分解し、二酸化炭素を放って酸化マグネシウムになる。水にはわずかに溶ける。純水中では次式に従って加水分解するとみなすことができる。

  MgCO3+2H2OMg(OH)2+H2O+CO2
 そのため、二酸化炭素が過剰に存在しない状態でつくったものは一般に4MgCO3・Mg(OH)2・4H2Oに近い組成をもっている。この塩基性塩は炭酸マグネシウムそのものよりも化学的に活発で酸にもよく溶けるので、マグネシウム塩の原料となる。また、微粒子状のものは歯みがき、化粧品、紙、ゴムの充填(じゅうてん)剤に用いられる。医薬に用いるマグネシアアルバもこの物質である。天然のマグネサイトは焙焼(ばいしょう)して酸化マグネシウムとし、耐火物の原料として使用される。

[鳥居泰男]

[参照項目] | 酸化マグネシウム | マグネサイト[補完資料] | 炭酸マグネシウム(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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