A dark brown glassy substance in the shape of a sphere, disk, or spindle, several centimeters in size. Its color and chemical composition are similar to obsidian, but it is not lava of volcanic origin, but rather the shape of silicate melt that has flown through the air. It is found in limited areas on Earth, such as parts of Southeast Asia, parts of Australia, northern Africa, and parts of North America. Therefore, there was once a heated debate about the origin of tektites between the theory of exogenous origin, which claims that they are extraterrestrial material similar to meteorites or lunar material scattered by meteorite impacts, and the theory of terrestrial origin, which claims that they are glass fragments formed when a meteorite hits the Earth's surface. However, no one believes in the exogenous origin theory nowadays, because tektites do not have the weak radioactivity that would be created by cosmic rays during space flight, and they do not have the molten shell that would be created during atmospheric re-entry. The Apollo missions revealed that tektites do not exist on the moon. On the other hand, there are meteorite craters near the areas where tektites are found. The chemical composition and formation age of the impact glass collected here are very similar to the corresponding tektites. [Naoki Onuma] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
大きさ数センチメートルの球、円盤、紡錘形をした黒褐色ガラス物質。その色および化学組成は黒曜石に似ているが、火山起源の溶岩ではなく、空中を飛行したケイ酸塩メルトの形状を示す。その産地は、地球上の限られた場所、東南アジアの一部、オーストラリアの一部、アフリカ北部、北アメリカの一部などである。それゆえ、テクタイトの起源については、かつて、隕石(いんせき)に似た地球外物質であるとか、隕石の衝突によって飛散した月面物質であるなどの外来起源説と、隕石が地球表面に衝突したときに形成されるガラス飛散物であるとする地球起源説との間に熱い論争があった。しかし現在では外来起源説を信じる者はいない。なぜならば、テクタイトには、宇宙空間飛行中に宇宙線によってつくられるはずの微弱放射能が検出されず、また大気圏突入時につくられるはずの溶けた殻もついていないからである。アポロ計画は月面にテクタイトが存在しないことを明らかにした。一方、テクタイトの産地の近くには隕石孔がある。ここで採取される衝撃ガラスの化学組成とその生成年代は、相当するテクタイトにきわめてよく似ている。 [小沼直樹] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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