Deguchi Onisaburo - Deguchi Onisaburo

Religious leader. Omoto monk. Former name Ueda Kisaburo. Born to a poor farmer in Anao Village, Minamikuwada County, Kyoto Prefecture (present-day Kameoka City). After being injured in a fight in 1898 (Meiji 31), he retreated to the sacred mountain of Takakumayama in the vicinity to practice asceticism, and began healing illnesses with spiritual power. He studied spiritual studies and practices at the Inari Kosha in Shimizu, Shizuoka Prefecture, and established the Kodo Reigaku Society in the village. In 1900 (Meiji 33), he moved to Ayabe, Kyoto Prefecture, and married Sumi (1883-1952), the fifth daughter of Deguchi Nao of Omotokyo, and joined the Deguchi family. However, he clashed with Nao and other existing leaders, and served as a Shinto priest and an Ontakekyo official in Kyoto. In 1908, he returned to Ayabe to rebuild the influence of Omotokyo, which had been declining, and established the Dai Nippon Shusaikai, which he renamed Kodo Daihon in 1916 (Taisho 5). During and after World War I, he expanded his influence nationwide. In 1921, he was arrested during the first crackdown on charges of lèse majesté and violation of the Newspaper Law, but he took this opportunity to begin writing the religious text, "The Tale of the Spiritual World," in which he preached that spirits are subordinate to one another and that all religions have the same roots, conceptualizing Nao's doctrine of restoring the ancient world and rebuilding the agrarian world. While out on bail in 1924, he secretly traveled to Inner Mongolia, and the following year, in 1925, he founded the Jinrui Aizenkai, advocating peace and international friendship. In the early Showa period, during the period from the depression to the rise of fascism, he advocated for the salvation of rural areas and political reform, and in 1934 (Showa 9) he formed the Showa Shinseikai and embarked on a political movement. The following year, in 1935, he was subjected to a second wave of persecution for lèse majesté and violation of the Peace Preservation Law, and spent over six years in prison. After World War II, in 1946 (Showa 21), he rebuilt the religious organization as Aizenen and became its head priest. He is rich in anecdotes due to his extraordinary words and actions, and left behind many works of waka poetry, calligraphy, paintings, ceramics, and more. His works are collected in the "Collected Works of Deguchi Onisaburo."

[Shigeyoshi Murakami June 19, 2018]

"The Collected Works of Deguchi Onisaburo, 5 volumes (1972-1973, Yomiuri Shimbun)" ▽ "The Biography of Deguchi Onisaburo, by Murakami Shigeyoshi (1978, Sanseido)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

宗教家。大本(おおもと)教聖師。前名上田喜三郎(うえだきさぶろう)。京都府南桑田(みなみくわだ)郡穴太(あなお)村（現、亀岡(かめおか)市）の貧農に生まれる。1898年（明治31）争い事で負傷したのを機に近郊の霊山高熊山に籠(こも)って修行したのち、霊力による病気治しを始め、静岡県清水(しみず)の稲荷(いなり)講社で霊学と行法を学んで、村に皇道霊学(こうどうれいがく)会をつくった。1900年（明治33）京都府綾部(あやべ)に移り、大本教の出口ナオの五女すみ（1883―1952）と結婚して出口家に入ったが、ナオはじめ従来の幹部と衝突し、京都で神職、御嶽(おんたけ)教役員などを務めた。1908年、衰えていた大本教の教勢を再建するため綾部に戻って大日本修斎会をつくり、1916年（大正5）皇道大本と改称し、第一次世界大戦中から戦後に全国的に教勢を伸ばした。1921年、不敬罪・新聞紙法違反で第一次弾圧を受けて検挙されたが、これを機に教典『霊界物語』の述作を開始し、霊主体従、万教同根を説いて、ナオの復古的・農本的な世の立て替え立て直しの教義を観念化した。1924年保釈中ひそかに内モンゴルに赴き、翌1925年、平和と国際親善を唱えて人類愛善会を設立した。昭和初期、恐慌からファシズム台頭の時期に農村の救済と政治革新を主張し、1934年（昭和9）昭和神聖会を結成して政治運動に乗り出した。翌1935年、不敬罪・治安維持法違反で第二次弾圧を受け、6年余の獄中生活を送った。第二次世界大戦後、1946年（昭和21）愛善苑(えん)として教団を再建し苑主となった。桁(けた)はずれの言動で逸話に富み、和歌・書画・陶芸などの多くの作品を残した。著作は『出口王仁三郎著作集』に収められている。

［村上重良　2018年6月19日］

『『出口王仁三郎著作集』全5巻（1972～1973・読売新聞社）』▽『村上重良著『評伝　出口王仁三郎』（1978・三省堂）』

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