Seedling raising - Ikubyo

Japanese: 育苗 - いくびょう
Seedling raising - Ikubyo

Raising seedlings. Seedlings are young plants of crops that are intended to be transplanted into fields or paddy fields, and are grown intensively at a relatively high density. Because young crop plants are easily affected by environmental factors such as weather, weeds, and disease, it is often more advantageous to raise seedlings and transplant them once they have grown to a certain size, rather than sowing the seeds directly in the field. Also, if seedlings are started when other crops are being grown in the field, and they are transplanted immediately after harvest, the land can be used more effectively. Furthermore, early harvesting is possible if seedlings are started early by keeping the soil warm and heating the soil, and the seedlings are transplanted when the temperature becomes suitable for growth outside.

Seedling raising methods vary depending on the type of crop, but they have a long history; in the case of rice cultivation, the technique of growing seedlings and transplanting them was common during the Nara period. Currently, with the spread of rice transplanters and changes in rice planting work, most seedlings are raised in boxes using seedling raising devices. When raising young seedlings in boxes, a high density of 7,000 seedlings per box (30 x 60 x 3 cm) is possible. For fruit trees, seedlings are often raised by cuttings or grafting, and the technique of raising seedlings by grafting for fruit vegetables such as watermelon and pumpkin has also developed and become widespread.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

苗を育てること。苗は、畑や水田などに移植することを前提とした作物の幼植物のことで、比較的高い密度で、集約的に育成される。作物の幼植物は、気象や雑草、病気などの環境の影響を受けやすいので、田畑に直接種子を播(ま)いて栽培するよりも、育苗し、ある程度大きくしてから移植したほうが有利な場合が多い。また、田畑に他の作物が栽培されている時点から育苗を始め、収穫後すぐに移植すれば、土地の有効利用もできる。さらに、保温や加温をして早くから育苗を始め、外で生育できる気温になった時点で苗を移植すれば、早期の収穫が可能となる。

 育苗の方法は作物の種類によって異なるが、歴史は古く、稲作の場合、奈良時代には苗を育て、田植をする技術が一般化していた。現在では、田植機の普及や田植作業の変化に伴い、育苗器を使っての箱育苗が中心となっている。箱育苗で稚苗(ちびょう)育苗の場合、1箱(30×60×3センチメートル)当り7000個体という高い密度の育苗が可能である。果樹では挿木(さしき)や接木(つぎき)によって苗を育てることが多く、またスイカ、カボチャなど果菜類でも接木で苗を育てる技術が発達し、普及してきている。

[星川清親]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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