This groundbreaking lecture series was the first to comprehensively explain Japanese capitalism before the Second World War from a Marxist perspective. It consists of seven volumes and was published by Iwanami Shoten between May 1932 and August 1933. When the lecture series was published in the early 1930s, the Great Depression was raging worldwide, and the Japanese military had already begun its invasion of Manchuria. The May 15 Incident broke out in the same month that the first volume was distributed, and Japan was on the path to war and fascism. Written under these circumstances, the lecture series comprehensively analyzed the conditions for the development of Japanese capitalism since the Meiji Restoration, its essential characteristics, and its fundamental contradictions, and found its greatest significance in pointing out the way to prevent war and fascism and to bring about social change. The editorial committee consisted of four members: Otsuka Kinnosuke, Noro Eitaro, Hirano Yoshitaro, and Yamada Moritaro, with other young scholars such as Hani Goro, Hattori Shiso, Kobayashi Ryomasa, and Kazahaya Yasoji also participating in the writing of the book. The Lectures was broadly divided into four parts: Part 1: History of the Meiji Restoration, Part 2: History of the Development of Capitalism, Part 3: Current Situation in Imperial Japan, and Part 4: Commentary on Materials on the Development of Capitalism in Japan. The authors basically supported the Comintern's 1927 Theses and 1932 Theses, and advocated a two-stage revolution in Japan, where a bourgeois democratic revolution would be carried out to overthrow imperial absolutism, followed by a proletarian revolution. In response, Yamakawa Hitoshi and Inomata Tsunao, who were debating in the magazine Labor and Farmers, defined the power of the Emperor system as bourgeois imperialist power and advocated a one-stage revolution, urging the immediate implementation of a socialist revolution. The strategic debate between the two factions eventually developed into a debate on Japanese capitalism and the Meiji Restoration, and had a tremendous impact on the prewar social science world. The former were commonly known as the "Lecture School" and the latter as the "Labor and Farmers" faction. Because the Lecture School was burdened with the highly political task of unifying scholarship and practice, the fourth volume was banned, and even after the fifth volume, the censorship authorities were forced to delete and revise the articles. However, in May 1982, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the publication of the Lecture School, the entire series was reprinted based on the first edition. [Masanori Nakamura] "Reprint of Lecture Series on the History of the Development of Japanese Capitalism, Volume 1, Commentary and Materials" by Kaichiro Oishi (1982, Iwanami Shoten) [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
第二次世界大戦前の日本資本主義をマルクス主義の立場から初めて包括的に解明した画期的な講座。全七巻。1932年(昭和7)5月から33年8月にかけて岩波書店から刊行された。『講座』の刊行された1930年代初頭は、世界大恐慌が猛威を極めていたときであり、日本軍部はすでに満州侵略を開始していた。また第1回配本が開始された月には五・一五事件が勃発(ぼっぱつ)し、日本は戦争とファシズムの道へ進みつつあった。このような情勢のなかで執筆された『講座』は、明治維新以来の日本資本主義発達の諸条件、その本質的諸特徴、その基本的諸矛盾を全面的に分析し、戦争とファシズムを阻止し、社会変革の道を指し示すことに最大の意義をみいだしていた。編集委員は大塚金之助、野呂栄太郎(のろえいたろう)、平野義太郎(よしたろう)、山田盛太郎(もりたろう)の4名であり、そのほかに羽仁五郎(はにごろう)、服部之総(はっとりしそう)、小林良正、風早八十二(かざはややそじ)ら少壮の学者が執筆に参加した。『講座』は、大きく分けて、第一部明治維新史、第二部資本主義発達史、第三部帝国主義日本の現状、第四部日本資本主義発達史資料解説の四部からなっていた。執筆陣は、基本的にいって、コミンテルンの二七年テーゼ、32年テーゼを支持しており、日本の革命はまず天皇制絶対主義を打倒するブルジョア民主主義革命を遂行し、そののちプロレタリア革命に転化するという二段階革命を主張していた。これに対して雑誌『労農』を舞台に論陣を張っていた山川均(ひとし)、猪俣津南雄(いのまたつなお)らは、天皇制権力をブルジョア的帝国主義権力と規定し、ただちに社会主義革命を遂行すべきだとする一段階革命を主張した。両派の戦略論争はやがて日本資本主義論争、明治維新論争にまで発展し、戦前の社会科学界にも絶大な影響を与えた。通称、前者は「講座派」、後者は「労農派」とよばれた。このように『講座』は学問と実践の統一という高度に政治性の高い課題を背負っていたために、第4回配本は発禁処分を受け、第5回配本以降も検閲当局による削除・改訂を余儀なくされた。しかし1982年(昭和57)5月、『講座』刊行50周年を記念して、全巻初版を底本とする復刻がなった。 [中村政則] 『大石嘉一郎著『復刻版・日本資本主義発達史講座別冊1 解説・資料』(1982・岩波書店)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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