Upper first level conjugation

Japanese: 上一段活用 - かみいちだんかつよう

〘Noun〙 One of the conjugation patterns of verbs. In literary Japanese, it refers to the conjugation of "kiru (wear), niru (look), miru (see)" and in colloquial Japanese, it also refers to the conjugation of "okiru (get), ochiru (fall), bathe (be)". The mizen-conjunctional form is one syllable and is in the I-row, or the last syllable of the mizen-conjunctional form is in the I-row, and the other conjugation forms are forms with "ru, re, yo (ro)" added to it. It only conjugates in the I-row of the Japanese syllabary, so it is referred to as the Shimoichi-row, which only conjugates in the E-row. There are more than twenty verbs in literary Japanese that have this conjugation, and they are either one-syllable words with mizen-conjunctional forms or compound words that contain them. In colloquial Japanese, in addition to verbs that are in the Jō-ichi-row in literary Japanese, most verbs that were in the Jō-ni-row in literary Japanese are also included. The conversion of Jō-ni-row to Jō-ichi-row began around the Kamakura period, and became common in Edo language in the late early modern period. In addition, the za-row verbs "kanzu" and "shinzu" also became popular as Jō-ichi-row verbs, like "kanjiru" and "shinjiru". [Kyoto Japanese Grammar Dictionary (1897)] [Additional Note] Motoori Shuntei used the name "Ichidan no Katsu" in "Kotoba no Yatsuma", but later, Hayashi Kunio explained the term "Jyodan no Katsu" in "Kotoba no Okan" in contrast to the Shimoichidan.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙動詞活用の型の一つ。文語では「着る・似る・見る」など、口語ではそのほか「起きる・落ちる・浴びる」などの活用をいう。未然・連用形が一音節でイ段、または未然・連用形の末の一音節がイ段で、他の活用形はこれに「る・れ・よ（ろ）」を添えた形。五十音図のイ段だけに活用するので、エ段だけに活用する下一段に対していう。文語でこの活用をもつものは二十余で、未然・連用形が一音節の語か、これを含んだ複合語である。口語では、文語上一段の動詞のほか、文語で上二段であった動詞もその大部分が含まれる。上二段の上一段化は鎌倉時代頃に始まり、近世後期に江戸語で一般的になる。そのほかサ変動詞のうちザ行の「感ず」「信ず」なども、「感じる」「信じる」のように上一段化した形が広まった。〔広日本文典（1897）〕[補注]本居春庭が「詞の八衢」で「一段の活」という名を用いているが、その後、林圀雄が「詞の緒環」で下一段に対して「上一段の活」を説いた。

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