Emperor Kangxi

Japanese: 康熙帝 - こうきてい

1654-1722
The fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty of China, Shengzu (reigned 1661-1722)
The third son of Emperor Shizu, Shunzhi. He ascended to the throne at the age of eight, and put down the rebellion of the Three Feudal Domains led by King Pingxi Wu Sangui, who had been exerting his power in the south (1681), and then subjugated the Zheng clan of Taiwan (1683). He also fought against Russia, which had been invading south along the Heilongjiang River at that time, and established the border with the Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689), and pacified Outer Mongolia, Qinghai, and Tibet. He expanded trade, and the influx of silver enriched his finances. He reduced the poll tax with the Shengshi Zhisheng Rending (Shengshi Zhisheng Rending) and worked to rationalize the tax system. He greatly promoted cultural projects, and had many imperially commissioned books compiled (such as the Collection of Ancient and Modern Books, the Kangxi Dictionary, the Yuanjian Classroom, and the Peiwen Yunfu). He also employed foreign missionaries to survey the whole country and to create the "Imperial Palace Map," but expelled all missionaries other than the Jesuits (for the liturgical issue). He reigned for 61 years and devoted himself to government affairs, solidifying the Qing's rule over China, and was praised as a wise ruler.

Source: Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition About Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition

Japanese:

1654〜1722
中国の清朝第４代皇帝，聖祖（在位1661〜1722）
世祖順治帝の第３子。８歳で即位し，南方に勢力を張っていた平西王呉三桂らの三藩の乱を平定し（1681），ついで台湾の鄭 (てい) 氏を屈服させた（1683）。さらに当時，黒竜江沿いに南侵してきたロシアと戦い，ネルチンスク条約で国境を定め（1689），外モンゴル・青海・チベットを平定した。貿易を拡大し，銀の流入で財政は豊かになり，盛世滋生人丁 (せいせいじせいじんてい) で人頭税を軽減し，税制合理化に努力した。大いに文化事業をおこし，多数の欽定書（『古今図書集成』『康熙字典』『淵鑑類函 (えんかんるいかん) 』『佩文韻府 (はいぶんいんぷ) 』など）を編集させた。また外国人宣教師を用いて全国を測量し，『皇輿全覧図 (こうよぜんらんず) 』を作成させたが，イエズス会以外の宣教師を追放した（典礼問題）。在位61年政務に精励し，清の中国支配を定着させ，名君とたたえられた。

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