Domestic servant - Kajihoko

…As seen in the decree of Maria Theresa of Habsburg (reigned 1740-80), prostitutes were forced to shave their heads and be sent to sweep streets, and other severe punishments were repeatedly imposed in various countries, but it was impossible to eradicate prostitution. During the Industrial Revolution, there was a noticeable movement of population from rural areas to cities, but in the early period before full-scale industrialization, the main occupation for women in cities was domestic service. Servants were often regulated by law, and in Vienna (the Servant Ordinance of 1810) the police were in charge of recruiting and searching for work, a character certificate from the previous employer (often deliberately critical) was required to change jobs, and people who were unemployed for more than eight days were banished from the city. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "domestic service" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…ハプスブルク家のマリア･テレジア(在位1740‐80)の布告に代表的に見られるように，売春婦は丸坊主にされて道路掃除にかりたてられるなど，各国で厳罰が繰り返し下されたが，売春の根絶は不可能であった。　産業革命期には農村から都市への人口移動が顕著となるが，本格的な工業化以前の初期には，都市の女性の主たる職業は家事奉公であった。奉公人は法律によって規制される場合が多く，ウィーン(1810年公布の奉公人令)では警察が求人･求職業務を管轄し，転職にあたっては前の雇主の人物証明書(故意に酷評する例も多い)が必要とされ，8日を超える失業者は都市から追放された。…

※「家事奉公」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報