A city in the northeast of Papua New Guinea, on the northeastern tip of New Britain Island. Population 16,100 (2001 estimate). It is the central city of not only the island but also the Bismarck Archipelago, and is a hub of sea and air routes, but its role as a regional central city is declining somewhat compared to the growth of Lae on the east coast of New Guinea. The Gazelle Peninsula behind it is the birthplace of plantations in the country, and has a long history of colonial rule since the 1880s, but today, thanks to the enterprising nature of its residents, it is known for its active economic activity, including cooperatives. Until World War I, it was the administrative center of German New Guinea, and then of the Australian Mandate of New Guinea, and during World War II it was occupied by the Japanese army and became their base. It was destroyed by a volcanic eruption in 1937 and the war, but was rebuilt after the war. In September 1994, the Tavurvur and Vulcan volcanoes in the south of the city erupted in succession, causing devastating damage to the city. [Tatsuya Taniuchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
パプア・ニューギニア北東部、ニュー・ブリテン島北東端の都市。人口1万6100(2001推計)。同島のみならず、ビスマーク諸島の中心都市で、航路、航空路が集中するが、広域中心都市としての役割は、ニューギニア島東岸のラエの成長に比べてやや相対的に低下気味である。背後のガゼルGazelle半島地区は、同国のプランテーション発祥の地で、1880年代以来の長い植民地支配の歴史をもつが、現在は住民の進取性もあって、協同組合方式など積極的な経済活動で知られている。第一次世界大戦まではドイツ領ニューギニア、その後はオーストラリア委任統治領ニューギニアの行政中心地であり、第二次世界大戦では日本軍に占領され、その拠点となった。1937年の火山の噴火と大戦によって破壊されたが、戦後復興した。94年9月に市の南部にあるタブルブル火山とブルカン火山が相ついで噴火、市は壊滅的な損害を受けた。 [谷内 達] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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