An operation in which only the fluid phase of a gas or liquid passes through a porous membrane or layer of filter material, separating the solid particles present. Usually, filter paper is used, which is fitted into a suitable funnel and the liquid is poured on top of it to filter. The size of the particles that can be separated is governed by the size of the holes in the filter layer, so ultrafiltration or centrifugation followed by filtration is used to separate fine particles of a few micrometers or less, such as colloidal particles. Even with normal filtration, using fine filter paper significantly slows down the filtration speed, so suction filtration or pressure filtration is used. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
多孔性の膜や層のろ材を通して,気体あるいは液体の流動相のみを通過させ,混在する固体粒子を分離する操作。普通はろ紙を用い,これを適当な漏斗にはめ込み,この上に液を注いでろ過する。分離できる粒子の大きさはろ過層の穴の大きさに支配されるので,コロイド粒子など数μm程度以下の微粒子を分離するのには限外ろ過をしたり,遠心分離してからろ過を行うなどする。通常のろ過でも,目の細かいろ紙を用いるとろ過速度が著しく遅くなるため,吸引ろ過あるいは加圧ろ過などが行われる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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