Tangshan

Japanese: 唐山 - とうざん
Tangshan

A prefecture-level city in the northeastern part of Hebei Province, China. It was formerly the seat of the Tangshan District in the northeastern part of the province, but in 1983, the district was abolished and 10 counties, Fengrun, Fengnan, Luanxian, Luannan, Yutian, Zunhua, Qianxi, Qian'an, Tanghai, and Leting, came under the jurisdiction of Tangshan City. As of 2016, it has jurisdiction over 7 city districts and 5 counties, and acts as the governor of 2 county-level cities. Population 7.532 million (2014).

The city area is bounded in the north by the Great Wall, which runs west from Shanhaiguan, and spreads from the southern foot of the Yanshan Mountains to the alluvial fan and delta formed by the Luan River. Luan County was the earliest large central settlement in this area, but Tangshan, which was a small settlement within the county, became famous only after the establishment of China's first modern coal mine (Kailuan Coalfield) using Western technology, along with the neighboring Kaiping (now Kaiping District, a municipal district of Tangshan City). Coal deposits had been known since the Ming Dynasty, but in 1878, at the end of the Qing Dynasty, Li Hongzhang, a Westernization faction bureaucrat, opened the Kaiping Mining Bureau, and since then, the city developed into China's number one coal mining city, and in 1938, Tangshan City was established. Coal production reaches 19.56 million tons per year (2015), and related industries such as thermal power generation, chemicals, steel, machinery, cement, and ceramics are also well developed, making it the number one heavy industrial city in Hebei Province. In addition to major railways such as the Jingha Line, Tongtao Line (Tongzhou - Luan County), Jingqin Line (Beijing - Qinhuangdao), and Daqin Line (Datong - Qinhuangdao), the city is also served by the Jingshan Line (Beijing - Shanhaiguan), Qilan Line (Qidaoqiao - Luan County), Qiancao Line (Qian'an - Caofeidian), and Luangang Line (Luan County - Jingtanggang).

In 1976, a major earthquake occurred in Tangshan, causing extensive damage.

[Motohide Akiyama, Editorial Department, March 21, 2017]

[Reference items] | Kailu Coalfield | Hebei (province) | Jingha Line | Zunhua | Tangshan Earthquake | Great Wall of China

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、河北(かほく)省北東部の地級市。かつて省北東部に唐山地区がありその公署所在地であったが、1983年、豊潤(ほうじゅん)、豊南(ほうなん)、灤(らん)県、灤南(らんなん)、玉田(ぎょくでん)、遵化(じゅんか)、遷西(せんせい)、遷安(せんあん)、唐海(とうかい)、楽亭(らくてい)の10県を唐山市の管轄とし、地区は撤廃された。2016年時点で、7市轄区、5県を管轄し、2県級市の管轄代行を行う。人口753万2000(2014)。

 市域は、北を山海関(さんかいかん)より西走する万里の長城によってくぎられ、燕山(えんざん)山地南麓より灤河の形成する扇状地、三角州に広がる。この付近では灤県がもっとも早く大きな中心集落となっていたが、その県下の小集落であった唐山が著名になったのは、隣接する開平(かいへい)(現、開平区=唐山市の市轄区)とともに、中国最初の西洋式技術を用いた近代的炭鉱(開灤炭田)が設立されてからである。石炭の埋蔵は明(みん)代から知られていたが、清(しん)末の1878年、洋務派官僚李鴻章(りこうしょう)が開平鉱務局を開き、それ以後、中国第一の炭鉱都市として市街地も発達し、1938年には唐山市が設けられた。石炭の産出は年産1956万トン(2015)に達するほか、関連する火力発電、化学、鉄鋼、機械、セメント、陶磁などの工業も発達し、河北省第一の重工業都市となっている。京哈(けいは)線、通坨(つうい)線(通州(つうしゅう)―灤県)、京秦(けいしん)線(北京(ペキン)―秦皇島(しんこうとう))、大秦線(大同(だいどう)―秦皇島)などの主要鉄道のほか、京山線(北京―山海関)、七灤線(七道橋―灤県)、遷曹線(遷安(せんあん)―曹妃甸(そうひてん))、灤港線(灤県―京唐港(けいとうこう))が通じる。

 1976年唐山を中心に大地震がおこり大きな被害を受けた。

[秋山元秀・編集部 2017年3月21日]

[参照項目] | 開灤炭田 | 河北(省) | 京哈線 | 遵化 | 唐山地震 | 万里の長城

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