...Then Johan III (reigned 1568-92) elevated Finland to a Grand Duchy in 1581 in an attempt to counter Russia. Karl IX (reigned 1599-1611) took advantage of the Finnish peasant uprising (the "Club Wars"), which had risen up against heavy taxes, to wipe out the Finnish nobility (1599) and establish royal authority. Sweden, which next became powerful under Gustav II the Bold, contained Russia by force, and in 1617 gained East Karelia and Ingria by the Treaty of Stolbova, annexed Estonia, and then occupied Poland and even Livonia. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Karl IX" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…次いでヨハン3世Johan III(在位1568‐92)は1581年フィンランドを大公国に格上げしてロシアに対抗しようとした。またカール9世Karl IX(在位1599‐1611)は重税のために蜂起したフィンランドの農民一揆〈棍棒戦争〉を利用してフィンランド貴族を一掃し(1599),ここに王権を確立した。 次に勇王グスタブ2世のもとで強力となったスウェーデンは,武力によってロシアを封じ込め,1617年ストルボバの和議により東カレリアとイングリアを手に入れ,エストニアを合して,さらにポーランドを押さえ,リボニアまで手中に収めた。… ※「Karl IX」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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