A biological individual with polyploid chromosomes, where different sets of chromosomes (genomes) overlap. Depending on the number of genomes, it is called an allotriploid, allotetraploid, etc. Many of the polyploid species found among closely related species belong to this category. For example, the genome of einkorn wheat is AA, while that of dwarf wheat is an allotetraploid with AA and BB, and that of common wheat is an allohexaploid with AA, BB, and DD. In contrast, an individual resulting from the doubling of the same genome is called an autopolyploid. Excessive polymerization of the same genome can actually impede vital functions and make the organism unfit for survival, but allopolyploids have increased fertility (the ability of an organism to produce seeds and eggs) and have the ability to produce completely independent species. Allopolyploids and autopolyploids are collectively called polyploids. [Toshihide Yoshida] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
異なる染色体組(ゲノム)が重なって、倍数性の染色体をもつ生物個体をいう。構成ゲノムの数によって異質三倍体、異質四倍体などという。近縁種間にみられる倍数種の多くはこれに属する。たとえば、一粒系コムギのゲノムはAAであるが、二粒系コムギではAA、BBという異質四倍体、さらに普通系コムギではAA、BB、DDという異質六倍体である。これに対し同一ゲノムが倍加して生じた個体を同質倍数体という。同一ゲノムが過剰に重合すると、かえって生活機能を阻害して生存上不適当となるが、異質倍数体では稔性(ねんせい)(生物が種子や卵子をつくる能力をもつこと)が高まり、完全な独立種をつくる特性をもっている。異質倍数体と同質倍数体を総称して倍数体とよぶ。 [吉田俊秀] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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