A cord-like tendon that runs from the bottom of the calf on the back of the lower leg toward the heel bone (calcaneus). Its anatomical name is the calcaneal tendon. It is the tendon that connects the calf muscle, the triceps surae (composed of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles), to the calcaneus, and is the strongest tendon in the body. When the Achilles tendon is stretched in an unnatural direction by a sudden contraction of the triceps surae, it can tear (Achilles tendon rupture), which is treated with a plaster cast or suture surgery. The name Achilles tendon comes from the legend that the immortal hero Achilles, who appears in Homer's epic poem "Iliad," fell after being injured in this tendon, which was his only weak point. [Kazuyo Shimai] Achilles tendon reflexWhen the Achilles tendon is tapped with the lower leg at a right angle to the foot, the foot reflexively extends toward the plantar side. This phenomenon is called the Achilles tendon reflex and is used to test for nerve disorders. If this reflex is not normal, it suggests a disorder in the sacral part of the spinal cord or in the spinal nerves at this level. [Kazuyo Shimai] Achilles tendon ruptureSubcutaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon occurs as a sports injury during jumping or sprinting. The tendon ruptures when the gastrocnemius muscle is under tension and the ankle is forced to dorsiflex suddenly and forcefully. At the moment of rupture, there is intense pain and sometimes a sound is made. The patient is no longer able to stand on tiptoes. There are incomplete and complete ruptures, and a plaster cast or surgery is required. Once fully healed, the patient will be able to participate in sports again. [Takashi Nagai] [Reference] | |©Shogakukan "> Achilles tendon area Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
下腿(かたい)後面のふくらはぎの下方からかかとの骨(踵骨(しょうこつ))に向かって走る、皮下に触れる索状の腱。解剖学名を踵骨腱という。ふくらはぎの筋である下腿三頭筋(腓腹筋(ひふくきん)とヒラメ筋で構成)と踵骨とを結ぶ腱で、体のなかではもっとも強大な腱である。下腿三頭筋の急激な収縮によってアキレス腱に不自然な方向の伸張力がかかると、裂傷を生じることがあり(アキレス腱断裂)、ギプス固定あるいは縫合手術で治療する。なお、アキレス腱の名は、ホメロスの叙事詩『イリアス』に出てくる不死身の英雄アキレウスが、唯一の弱点であるこの腱に傷を受けて倒れたとの伝説からつけられたという。 [嶋井和世] アキレス腱反射下腿軸と足とを直角の位置にしてアキレス腱をたたくと、足は足底(足の裏)側に反射的に伸展する。この現象をアキレス腱反射といい神経障害の検査に用いられる。この反射が正常でないと脊髄(せきずい)の仙髄部分やこの高さの脊髄神経の故障を疑う。 [嶋井和世] アキレス腱断裂アキレス腱の皮下断裂はスポーツ外傷として跳躍、疾走などの際におこる。腓腹筋(ひふくきん)が緊張状態にあるときに、足関節が急に強く背屈を強いられると断裂する。その瞬間に激痛を感じ、音を発することもある。つまさき立ちができなくなる。不完全断裂と完全断裂があり、ギプス固定あるいは手術が必要である。完治すればスポーツがふたたびできるようになる。 [永井 隆] [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> アキレス腱の部位 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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