Apollo disease - Apollo disease

Japanese: アポロ病 - あぽろびょう
Apollo disease - Apollo disease

Also known as Apollo 11 disease, both are colloquial names for acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. A new infectious disease that began to spread in Ghana, West Africa, around the time Apollo 11 landed on the moon in the summer of 1969. The epidemic spread rapidly to countries around the world, and it became known as an international infectious disease. The incubation period is 1-2 days. The initial symptoms are a gritty, intense pain in the eye, as if dust had gotten into it, excessive tearing, swelling of the eyelids, and redness of the whites of the eyes due to subconjunctival hemorrhage. It usually heals naturally within 1-2 weeks, but sometimes polio-like motor paralysis occurs. In Japan, mass outbreaks have occurred in Kitakyushu, Keihanshin, Nagoya, Keihin, Hokkaido, and other areas since 1970 (Showa 45). It is most common in children in the upper grades of elementary school and adults, and in infants and young children, the symptoms are often mild. During epidemics, infections are transmitted at eye clinics and school mass examinations, so it is often diagnosed by simply looking at the degree of bleeding without turning over the eyelids. In addition to using separate towels and washbowls, it is best not to use the same eye drops or rub or wash your eyes. The first step in prevention is to always keep your hands clean, but regular disinfectants are ineffective, and disinfectants containing iodine or 75% alcohol are effective. In general, it is best to wash with running water using soap.

The epidemic began in Nungua, near Accra, the capital of Ghana, and soon spread to the city, with the first patient reported at the Ophthalmology Department of the Kolebuu Hospital attached to the Accra University Medical School on June 25, 1969. The number of patients visiting the hospital each day was around 20 for about a month, but in August the number suddenly increased, reaching 770 on August 18 and 1,115 on the 25th, peaking at this point and then beginning to decrease, but reaching 20,000 by the end of the year. This was the first strange experience for the local residents, and since it coincided with the Apollo 11 moon landing, a major event of the century, rumors circulated linking the two, leading to the nickname Apollo 11 disease.

[Noriaki Yanagishita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アポロ11病ともいい、ともに急性出血性結膜炎の俗称。1969年の夏、アポロ11号が月面着陸したころ、西アフリカのガーナで流行し始めた新しい伝染病。流行は急速に世界各国に広がり、国際的な伝染病として知られるようになった。潜伏期は1~2日。症状は、初めごみでも入ったように目がごろごろして激しく痛み、涙が盛んに出て瞼(まぶた)がはれ、結膜下出血のため白目が真っ赤になるのが特徴である。1~2週間で通常自然治癒するが、ときにポリオ様の運動麻痺(まひ)をおこすこともある。日本では1970年(昭和45)以後、北九州、京阪神、名古屋、京浜、北海道などで集団発生した。小学校高学年の児童から成人に多く、乳幼児では軽症の場合が多い。流行時には眼科の医院や学校の集団検診などで感染するので、瞼をひっくり返さずに出血のぐあいをみただけで診断することが多い。タオルや洗面器などを別にするほか、同じ目薬を使ったり目をこすったり洗ったりしないほうがよい。手指をつねに清潔にしておくのが予防の第一であるが、通常の消毒薬は無効で、ヨードの入った消毒剤や75%アルコールが有効とされる。一般にはせっけんを用いて流水で洗い落とすのがよい。

 なお、流行の発端は、ガーナの首都アクラにほど近いヌングアで発生し、まもなくアクラ市に広がり、アクラ大学医学部付属コレブー病院眼科に第一号患者が現れたのは1969年6月25日だったという。毎日の受診患者は1か月ほど20人程度だったのが、8月になって急に増加し、8月18日に770人、25日には1115人となり、これをピークとして減少し始めたが、年末までに2万人に達したという。これは市民にとって初めての異様な経験で、ほぼ時を同じくしてアポロ11号の月面着陸という世紀の大事件があったので、両者を結び付けたうわさが流れて、アポロ11病というニックネームがつけられた。

[柳下徳雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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