Processing trade on consignment - itakukakouboueki (English spelling)

This is a general term for forward consignment processing trade, in which a domestic consignor imports raw materials from an overseas consignor based on a consignment processing contract, processes them according to the terms of the contract, and exports the finished product, and reverse consignment processing trade, in which a domestic consignor sends raw materials to an overseas consignor based on a consignment processing contract, and imports the finished product processed by the overseas consignor. Usually, the ownership of the raw materials belongs to the consignor, and the consignor processes them as specified in the contract, such as assembly, repair, and modification, and receives the agreed processing fee. Consignment processing trade is carried out when special processing techniques are required or when there is a large difference in processing fees due to wage differences. Recently, with the progress of foreign direct investment, reverse consignment processing trade, in which machinery and equipment, raw materials, etc. are exported to countries in the early stages of industrialization and products produced by local labor are imported, is increasing.

[Akira Shida]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

委託加工契約に基づいて国内の受託者が海外の委託者から原料を輸入し、契約条件に従って、それを加工して製品を輸出する順委託加工貿易、および、委託加工契約に基づいて国内の委託者が海外の受託者に原料を送り、海外の受託者が加工した製品を輸入する逆委託加工貿易を総称していう。通常は、原料の所有権は委託者に帰属し、受託者は、契約に定められた組立て、修理、改造などの加工をし、約定した加工賃を受け取る。委託加工貿易は、特殊な加工技術を要するものや、賃金水準の格差によって加工賃の差が大きい場合に行われる。最近は、海外直接投資の進展に伴って、工業化の初期段階にある国々に機械設備や原材料などを輸出して、現地の労働力によって生産した製品を輸入するという形態の逆委託加工貿易が増加している。

［志田　明］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例