Theories that do not only look at education expenditure from the perspective of consumption, but emphasize its investment effect, or theories that aim to measure the investment effect, are generally called education investment theories. The theoretical method often used is the analysis of the rate of return on education. There are personal and social rates of return on education, the former of which compares the educational expenses paid by an individual with the return attributable to the individual as a result of receiving education, and the latter of which compares the educational expenses paid by society as a whole with the return attributable to society as a result of education. In Japan, the education investment theory was presented in the "National Income Doubling Plan" of the Economic Council in 1960 (Showa 35), and was actively developed as a policy theory in the late 1950s in the Ministry of Education (now the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology)'s education white paper "Japan's Growth and Education" in 1987 and the Economic Council's report the following year, "Challenges and Measures for Human Resource Development in Economic Development." [Toshiyuki Omomo] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
教育支出を消費の観点からだけとらえるのではなく、その投資的効果を強調する理論、または投資的効果を測定することを目ざした理論を含めて、一般に教育投資論とよんでいる。理論的方法としては、教育の収益率分析が用いられることが多い。教育の収益率には個人的収益率と社会的収益率とがあり、前者は個人が負担する教育費と教育を受けた結果個人に帰属する収益とを、後者は社会全体が負担する教育費と教育の結果社会全体に帰属する収益とを比較しようとするものである。日本において、教育投資論は、1960年(昭和35)の経済審議会の「国民所得倍増計画」に示され、62年の文部省(現文部科学省)の教育白書『日本の成長と教育』、翌年の経済審議会答申「経済発展における人的能力開発の課題と対策」などにおいて、昭和30年代後半に政策論として活発に展開された。 [大桃敏行] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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